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Anatomy > Musculoskeletal system part 1 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal system part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the axial skeleton?

A
  • skull
  • vertebral column
  • sacrum
  • ribs
  • sternum
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2
Q

What are the different types of vertabrae?

A

Cervical curvature
Lumbar curvature
Thoracic curvature
Pelvic curvature

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3
Q

Intervertebral disc

A

discs of connective tissue that separate bodies of vertebra and reduce friction

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the neck?

A

7 cervical vertebrae

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5
Q

Atlas

A

first cervical vertebra
supports your skull

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6
Q

Axis

A

second vertebra
allows you to shake your head back and forth

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7
Q

Body- vertebrae

A

transmits weight down the bodies of all vertebrae besides the atlas

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8
Q

Superior Articular Process

A

bony projections that point up toward surface of vertebra above

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9
Q

vInferior Articular Process

A

bony projections that point down toward surface of vertebra below

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10
Q

Transverse Process

A

bony region that extends laterally from the body

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11
Q

Spinous process

A

sharp projection that extends posteriorly

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12
Q

Vertebral Arch

A

transverse and spinous processes arise from this bony arch

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13
Q

Rib facets

A

on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

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14
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with?

A

fifth lumbar vertebra and wings of hip bones
made of 5 vertebrae fused together

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15
Q

Body of Sacrum

A

main thick medial regions of sacrum

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16
Q

Median sacral crest

A

formed from spinous processes of fused vertebrae

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17
Q

Sacral Canal

A

passageway which corresponds with vertebral canal

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18
Q

Auricular Surface

A

forms joint between sacrum and ilium

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19
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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20
Q

Which are the true ribs?

A

ribs 1-7

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21
Q

head- ribs

A

the articular facet on the head of each rib articulates medially with rib faces of thoracic vertebra

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22
Q

tubercle-ribs

A

small bumpy ridge

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23
Q

body-ribs

A

main part of rib distal to neck

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24
Q

angle

A

just distal to tubercle, where rib makes a sharp bend

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25
Q

sternum

A

“breast bone” articulates with true ribs and together they protect heart and lungs

26
Q

body-sternum

A

large middle portion

27
Q

facets-sternum

A

where costal cartilage associated with ribs articulate

28
Q

manubrium

A

upper part of sternum

29
Q

xiphoid process

A

interior to body of sternum

30
Q

What is the purpose of abdominal muscles?

A

move spine, abdomen and ribs

31
Q

What are the abdominal muscles?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis
  2. External Oblique(V)
  3. Internal Oblique(A)
  4. Transversus Abdominis(Belt)
32
Q

How many Rectus abdominis muscles are there?

A

2, one on each side of midline
these form 6 pack

33
Q

What is the linea alba?

A

connective tissue that connects the 2 rectus abdominis muscles and the xiphoid process to pubic bone

34
Q

What forms mid layer of abdominal wall?

A

internal obliques

35
Q

What is the transversus abdominis?

A

deepest muscle layer of abdominal wall, below internal obliques

36
Q

What is the purpose of intercostal muscles?

A

form a wall over thorax and help stabilize and move rib cage

37
Q

What are the layers of the intercostal muscles?

A
  1. external intercostal muscles(V, Inhalation)
  2. Internal intercostal muscles(Exhalation)
  3. innermost intercostal muscles (exhalation)
38
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle that helps during inhalation
forms division between thoracic and abdominal cavities

39
Q

erector spinae

A

attaches to lower back and hips, then runs upwards along spine and attaches to skull

40
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

extends from mastoid process to clavicle(collar bone) and manubrium of sternum

41
Q

Flexion

A

decrease the angle between two bones

42
Q

Extension

A

anatomical position

43
Q

Hyperextension

A

Over extending beyond zero position

44
Q

Lateral flexion

A

side bend at hips

45
Q

rotation

A

movement in which bone spins on its longitudinal axis

46
Q

medial rotation

A

bent elbow as in riding, put hand on abdomen

47
Q

lateral rotation

A

then move hand to away from body

48
Q

circumduction

A

One end of appendage remains stationary while the other end moves in circular motion(shoulder circles)

49
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline

50
Q

adduction

A

movement back towards the midline

51
Q

supination

A

Primarily forearm movement, turning palm to face anteriorly or upward

52
Q

pronation

A

Primarily forearm movement, turning palm to face posteriorly or downward

53
Q

depression

A

movement in inferior direction

54
Q

elevation

A

movement in superior direction

55
Q

protraction

A

Anterior movement in the transverse plane
ex: push hand out in front of you so that your shoulder moves forward

56
Q

retraction

A

Posterior movement in the transverse plane
ex: moving your shoulder back to anatomical position from protraction or pulling shoulders back to stand at military attention

57
Q

dorsiflexion

A

toes elevated towards shins this happens with each step taken

58
Q

plantar flexion

A

toes point downward (pressing gas pedal, standing on tip toes toe-off movement of walking

59
Q

eversion

A

turn soles of feet out laterally

60
Q

inversion

A

turn soles of feet medially

61
Q

opposition of thumb

A

move thumb to touch tip of any of the other 4 fingers

Anatomy (8 decks)

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