Musculoskeletal system part 1

Question 1

What makes up the axial skeleton?

Answer 1

• skull
• vertebral column
• sacrum
• ribs
• sternum

Question 2

What are the different types of vertabrae?

Answer 2

Cervical curvature
Lumbar curvature
Thoracic curvature
Pelvic curvature

Question 3

Intervertebral disc

Answer 3

discs of connective tissue that separate bodies of vertebra and reduce friction

Question 4

How many vertebrae are in the neck?

Answer 4

7 cervical vertebrae

Question 5

Atlas

Answer 5

first cervical vertebra
supports your skull

Question 6

Axis

Answer 6

second vertebra
allows you to shake your head back and forth

Question 7

Body- vertebrae

Answer 7

transmits weight down the bodies of all vertebrae besides the atlas

Question 8

Superior Articular Process

Answer 8

bony projections that point up toward surface of vertebra above

Question 9

vInferior Articular Process

Answer 9

bony projections that point down toward surface of vertebra below

Question 10

Transverse Process

Answer 10

bony region that extends laterally from the body

Question 11

Spinous process

Answer 11

sharp projection that extends posteriorly

Question 12

Vertebral Arch

Answer 12

transverse and spinous processes arise from this bony arch

Question 13

Rib facets

Answer 13

on transverse process of thoracic vertebrae

Question 14

What does the sacrum articulate with?

Answer 14

fifth lumbar vertebra and wings of hip bones
made of 5 vertebrae fused together

Question 15

Body of Sacrum

Answer 15

main thick medial regions of sacrum

Question 16

Median sacral crest

Answer 16

formed from spinous processes of fused vertebrae

Question 17

Sacral Canal

Answer 17

passageway which corresponds with vertebral canal

Question 18

Auricular Surface

Answer 18

forms joint between sacrum and ilium

Question 19

How many ribs are there?

Answer 19

12 pairs

Question 20

Which are the true ribs?

Answer 20

ribs 1-7

Question 21

head- ribs

Answer 21

the articular facet on the head of each rib articulates medially with rib faces of thoracic vertebra

Question 22

tubercle-ribs

Answer 22

small bumpy ridge

Question 23

body-ribs

Answer 23

main part of rib distal to neck

Question 24

angle

Answer 24

just distal to tubercle, where rib makes a sharp bend

Question 25

sternum

Answer 25

"breast bone" articulates with true ribs and together they protect heart and lungs

Question 26

body-sternum

Answer 26

large middle portion

Question 27

facets-sternum

Answer 27

where costal cartilage associated with ribs articulate

Question 28

manubrium

Answer 28

upper part of sternum

Question 29

xiphoid process

Answer 29

interior to body of sternum

Question 30

What is the purpose of abdominal muscles?

Answer 30

move spine, abdomen and ribs

Question 31

What are the abdominal muscles?

Answer 31

1. Rectus abdominis 2. External Oblique(V) 3. Internal Oblique(A) 4. Transversus Abdominis(Belt)

Question 32

How many Rectus abdominis muscles are there?

Answer 32

2, one on each side of midline these form 6 pack

Question 33

What is the linea alba?

Answer 33

connective tissue that connects the 2 rectus abdominis muscles and the xiphoid process to pubic bone

Question 34

What forms mid layer of abdominal wall?

Answer 34

internal obliques

Question 35

What is the transversus abdominis?

Answer 35

deepest muscle layer of abdominal wall, below internal obliques

Question 36

What is the purpose of intercostal muscles?

Answer 36

form a wall over thorax and help stabilize and move rib cage

Question 37

What are the layers of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 37

1. external intercostal muscles(V, Inhalation) 2. Internal intercostal muscles(Exhalation) 3. innermost intercostal muscles (exhalation)

Question 38

Diaphragm

Answer 38

Dome shaped muscle that helps during inhalation forms division between thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 39

erector spinae

Answer 39

attaches to lower back and hips, then runs upwards along spine and attaches to skull

Question 40

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 40

extends from mastoid process to clavicle(collar bone) and manubrium of sternum

Question 41

Flexion

Answer 41

decrease the angle between two bones

Question 42

Extension

Answer 42

anatomical position

Question 43

Hyperextension

Answer 43

Over extending beyond zero position

Question 44

Lateral flexion

Answer 44

side bend at hips

Question 45

rotation

Answer 45

movement in which bone spins on its longitudinal axis

Question 46

medial rotation

Answer 46

bent elbow as in riding, put hand on abdomen

Question 47

lateral rotation

Answer 47

then move hand to away from body

Question 48

circumduction

Answer 48

One end of appendage remains stationary while the other end moves in circular motion(shoulder circles)

Question 49

abduction

Answer 49

movement away from the midline

Question 50

adduction

Answer 50

movement back towards the midline

Question 51

supination

Answer 51

Primarily forearm movement, turning palm to face anteriorly or upward

Question 52

pronation

Answer 52

Primarily forearm movement, turning palm to face posteriorly or downward

Question 53

depression

Answer 53

movement in inferior direction

Question 54

elevation

Answer 54

movement in superior direction

Question 55

protraction

Answer 55

Anterior movement in the transverse plane ex: push hand out in front of you so that your shoulder moves forward

Question 56

retraction

Answer 56

Posterior movement in the transverse plane ex: moving your shoulder back to anatomical position from protraction or pulling shoulders back to stand at military attention

Question 57

dorsiflexion

Answer 57

toes elevated towards shins this happens with each step taken

Question 58

plantar flexion

Answer 58

toes point downward (pressing gas pedal, standing on tip toes toe-off movement of walking

Question 59

eversion

Answer 59

turn soles of feet out laterally

Question 60

inversion

Answer 60

turn soles of feet medially

Question 61

opposition of thumb

Answer 61

move thumb to touch tip of any of the other 4 fingers