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Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

(83 cards)

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1
Q

Movement of the limb away from the midline of the body.

A

Abduction

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2
Q

Movement of the limb toward the midline of the body.

A

Adduction

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3
Q

Fracture in which the broken bone segments are at an angle to each other.

A

Angulated fracture

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4
Q

Where two bones meet

A

Articulation

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5
Q

Decrease in size or wasting away of a body part or tissue

A

Atrophy

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6
Q

A small sac serous sac between a tendon and a bone

A

Bursa

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7
Q

Inflammation of the connective tissue structure surrounding a joint.

A

Bursitis

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8
Q

Tough tissue that covers the joint ends of bones and helps form certain body parts, such as the ear.

A

Cartilage

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9
Q

An injury to an extremity with no associated opening in the skin.

A

Closed extremity injury

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10
Q

A fracture in which the bone is broken in several places

A

Comminuted fracture

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11
Q

Injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast.

A

Compartment syndrome

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12
Q

A grating or cracking sound or sensation

A

Crepitus

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13
Q

The disrupting or “coming apart” of a body part (joint) from its normal position.

A

Dislocation

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14
Q

The abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissue (also known as swelling).

A

Edema

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15
Q

The escape of fluid, such as from blood vessels as a result of rupture or seepage. (Contained within body)

A

Effusion

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16
Q

Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes.

A

Erythema

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17
Q

Any break in the bone or tooth.

A

Fracture

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18
Q

A fracture of the bone, occurring typically in children in which one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent.

A

Greenstick fracture

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19
Q

A manner of walking or moving on foot (natural walking/without limp).

A

Gait

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20
Q

Method by which damage (trauma) to skin, muscles, organs and bones happens.

A

MOI

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21
Q

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention or correction of disorders in the musculoskeletal system.

A

Orthopedics

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22
Q

Loss of muscle function through injury, disease, or damage to its nerve supply.

A

Paralysis

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23
Q

What is paralysis mostly caused by?

A

Stroke or spinal cord injury.

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24
Q

Tough connective sheath that covers the bone.

A

Periosteum

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25
Extent of movement of a joint, measured in degrees of a circle.
Range of Motion (ROM)
26
The stretching or tearing of ligaments that caused pain and disability.
Sprain
27
Muscle or tendon injury resulting from violent contraction or excessive force.
Strain
28
Inflammation of a tendon usually from a strain.
Tendonitis
29
What are the three types of muscles?
* Voluntary * Involuntary * Cardiac
30
Known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control of the brain via the nervous system.
Voluntary Muscles
31
What do Voluntary muscles form?
The major muscle mass of the body.
32
Known as smooth muscle, is found in the gastrointestinal system, lungs, blood vessels, and urinary system.
Involuntary muscles.
33
A specialized form of involuntary muscle, is found only in the heart.
Cardiac muscles
34
The bony structure that forms the head. It supports the structures of the face and provides a protective cavity fortification for the brain.
Skull
35
The top portion of the skull that protects the brain.
Cranium
36
Along with the Cranium, what other bones protect the brain?
``` Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid ```
37
The bones of the anterior (backside) cranium connect to facial bones are?
Mandible Maxillae Nasal bones
38
How many small bones does the wrist consist of?
Eight bones
39
What are the eight bones in the wrist called?
Carpals
40
How many bones is the hand made of?
Five bones
41
What are the bones which the hand is made of called?
Metacarpals
42
How many bones do the fingers consist of?
Fourteen bones
43
What are bones that the fingers consist of called?
Phalanges
44
The joint of the arm that connects the upper and lower bones.
Elbow
45
The bone between the shoulder and the elbow. (Upper Arm)
Humerus
46
What are the two bones between the elbow and the hand.
Radius and Ulna
47
Extends from the lateral side of the forearm from the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna.
Radius
48
Extends from the medial side of the forearm from the elbow to the smallest finger and runs parallel to the radius.
Ulna
49
What bone in the forearm is the largest and longest?
Ulna
50
The joint where the humerus fits into the scapula, like a ball and socket. It is one of the largest and most complex joints of the body.
Shoulder.
51
Known as the collarbone, is located anteriorly
Clavicle
52
Known as the shoulder blade is located posteriorly
Scapula
53
What is the highest portion of the shoulder?
Acromion Process
54
How many vertebrae are there?
Thirty-three
55
Contains bones that are fused together
The pelvis
56
The superior bone that contains the iliac crest
Ilium
57
The inferior, posterior portion of the pelvis.
Ischium
58
The joint where the femur (thigh bone) and pelvis join
The hips
59
What do the hips consist of?
The acetabulum | And the ball at the proximal end of the femur
60
Commonly referred to as the thigh bone.
The femur
61
What is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
The femur
62
Commonly referred to as the kneecap. It is a small, freestanding bone that rests between the femur and the tibia.
The patella
63
Also known as the shin bone, is the medial and larger bone of the lower leg.
Tibia
64
What is the most common lower leg injury incurred in the tibia?
Shin splints
65
The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg.
Fibula
66
What is the most common site of stress fractures?
Metatarsals
67
The heel bone is called what?
Calcaneus
68
A group of five long bones in the foot that connect the ankle to the toes. They help with balance when standing or walking.
Metatarsals
69
Bones of the toes.
Phalanges
70
What are the five main functions of the musculoskeletal system?
``` Provide support. Protect internal organs. Provides leverage and movement. Produce blood cells. Store minerals and lipids. ```
71
What percentage of calcium is found in the skeleton?
99% Of the body’s calcium
72
Found inside organs such as the stomach, intestines and blood vessels. The weakest of all muscle tissues.
Visceral
73
The only voluntary muscle tissue in the body, it is controlled consciously.
Skeletal
74
What is an instrument used for measurement of angles as it applies to musculoskeletal system?
Goniometer
75
Passive range of motion often exceeds active range of motion by how many degrees?
5 degrees
76
Falls from what height and down how many stairs are treated for high risk spinal injury?
Falls greater than 1 meter And Falls down more than 5 stairs
77
The wrist MOI is commonly referred to as FOOSH which stands for?
Fallen on Outstretched Hand
78
What percentage of ankle sprains involve lateral ligaments?
85-90%
79
What does RICE stand for?
Rest, ice, compression, elevation
80
Duration of acute lower back pain?
Less than 6 weeks
81
The duration of subacute lower back pain is?
Greater than 6 weeks but less than 3 months
82
The duration of chronic lower back pain is what?
More than 3 months
83
What’s are the 8 P’s for a focused assessment of an extremity?
Pain, pallor, pulses, paresthesia, paralysis, puffiness, position, and pressure.

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