Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Internal support & attachment site for muscle. The tissues in humans consists of bone & cartilage
Endoskeleton
An external skeleton that supports and protects an animals body
Exoskeleton
Aka bone. Hard connective tissue with collagen fibers containing calcium phosphate
Osseous tissue
A cell forming bone
Osteoblasts
A phagocyte function in the removal of osseous tissue
Osteoclasts
A cell that ingests foreign particles, bacteria & cell debris
Phagocyte
A dense bone forming all external layers of bone
Compact bone
Bone with trabeculae formation with spaces filled with bone marrow
Spongy bone
Aka a joint in which two bones come together
Articulation
Aka the thigh bone
Femur
The cartilage covering the articular surfaces of bones forming a synovial joint
Articular cartilage
A joint in which synovial fluid is produced, to lubricate the articulation
Synovial joint
Term to describe the property of a fluid
Viscosity
An inflammation of a bursa
Bursitis
Prefix meaning inflammation
-itis
A closed sac lined with synovial membrane and containing fluid found in areas of friction
Bursa
Aka “wear and tear” arthritis. Erosion of the articular cartilage causing it to become soft and frayed
Osteoarthritis
Prefix meaning joint
Arth-
A disorder in which bones loss calcium and other components resulting in bones becoming brittle and subject to fracture
Osteoporosis
Bones making up spinal column
Vertebrae
An autoimmune disease by inflammation and deformity of the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis
A system within an organism that protects against diseases
Immune system
Disorder causing stiff joints from abnormal adhesion and rigidity of bones of the joints
Ankylosis
Aka muscle cell. Muscle can contracts producing muscle movement
Muscle fibers
Aka myocardium
Cardiac muscle
Aka cardiac muscle
Myocardium
Gaps allowing electrical currents to pass cell to cell to contract in unison
Gap junctions
Chaotic contractions across the heart
Fibrillation
A device sending electric currents through the heart
Defibrillator
Muscle found in the walls of the viscera
Smooth muscle
Hollow organs of the body
Viscera
Under involuntary control/movement
Peristalsis
Muscle attached to the skeleton
Skeletal muscle
Within the muscle. A thin layer that surrounds individual muscle fiber
Endomysium
Outer layer of connective tissue surrounding entire muscle
Epimysium
Connects muscle to bone
Tendons
Farther away from the attachment of a limb
Distal
Closer to the attachment of a limb
Proximal
Aka dorsum. View from above looking down at foot
Dorsal surface
Contains 7 bones proximal to the foot
Tarsal bones
Aka ankle bone. Most proximal tarsal bone
Talus
Aka the heel bone
Calcaneous
5 bones proximal of the forefoot
Metatarsals
14 bones that make up the toes
Phalanges
Bones that are the plantar surface of the foot contained within muscle tendons
Sesamoids
3 bones proximal to the first 3 metatarsals
Cuneiforms
Located in the midfoot. Distal to the cuneiforms
Navicular
8 proximal bones of the hand that are grouped together
Carpal bones
5 bones of the hand
Metacarpals
A muscle that moves the foot
Tibialis anterior
Aka proximal attachment (PA)
Origin
Aka distal attachment (DA)
Insertion
Term meaning PA is more stable than the DA. Distal bone joint moves.
Fixed
Movement in which sole of foot faces inward
Inversion
The upward movement of the foot bringing toes higher
Dorsiflexion
Aka heads. A muscle with more than one proximal attachment
Ceps
Aka thigh bone
Femur
Aka shin bone
Tibia
Force by muscle to overcome external load on muscle trying to contract
Eccentric contraction
Muscle contracts as to overcome the resistance
Concentric
Movement in which to slow down
Decelerate
Muscle force matches the load with no movements involved
Isometric contraction
The orgin & insertion muscle are moved apart
Stretch
An injury to a ligament/tearing of the tissue
Sprain
An injury to either muscle or tendon
Strain
Greek meaning: “poverty of flesh”. Loss of skeletal mass
Sarcopenia
Injury resulting in fatigue, muscular pain and tenderness points
Fibromyalgia
Prefix meaning pain
-algia
