Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Orthopedics (Orthopaedics)
branch of medicine concerned with problems of the bones, joints and muscles
Rheumatologist
Orthopedist specializing in bone, joint and rheumatoid arthritis
Chiropractor
Healthcare provide specializing in disorders of the spine
4 Muscle Functions
Provide Movement
Stabilize position
Storing Substances
Generating heat
How Muscles are named
location
type of movement provided
size or shape
number of its components
Articulation
where bones connect (joints)
fasci/o
fibrous band supporting or separating muscles
fascioplasty
surgical repair of fascia
fibr/o
fiber
fibroma
tumor of fibrous tissue
leiomy/o
smooth muscle
leiomyoma
tumor of smooth muscle
lumb/o
lower back
lumbar
pertaining to the low back
lumbocostal
pertaining to the ribs of the low back
muscul/o
muscle
my/o
muscle
muscular
pertaining to muscle
myorrhexis
rupture of a muscle
ten/o
tendon
tenotomy
incision of a tendon
tendo/
tendon
tendin/o
tendon
tendoplasty
surgical repair of a tendon
tendinitis
inflammation of a tendon
algia
pain
dynia
pain
myalgia
muscle pain
lumbodynia
low back pain
-asthenia
weakness
myasthenia
muscle weakness
-pathy
disease
myopathy
disease of the muscle
-plegia
paralysis
hemiplegia
paralysis of one side of the body
hemi-
one half
rrhaphy
suture (stitches)
myorrhaphy
suture to a muscle
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
myosarcoma
tumor of a muscle
chondritis
inflammation of cartilage
chondr/o
cartilage
tendolysis
destruction, separation or loosening of a tendon
cost/o
ribs
voluntary muscle that responds to stimuli and moves bones
Skeletal muscle
involuntary muscle not consciously controlled found in the heart
Cardiac Muscle
involuntary muscle that moves organs unconsciously. propels food thru digestive system
Smooth Muscle
-genesis
formation of
scler/o
hardening
sclerosis
abnormal hardening
myosclerosis
abnormal hardening of a muscle
pector/o
chest
tendotome
instructment used to cut a tendon
tenotomy
incision of a tendon
quadri-
four
tri-
three
bi-
two
flexion
decrease the joint angle
extension
increase the joint angle
adduction
moves toward the midline
abduction
moves away from the midline
pronation
turns palm down
rotation
moves around an axis
supination
palms up
eversion
move foot out
inversion
move foot in
plantar flexion
point foot down
dorsiflexion
point foot up
cyst/o
bladder
enter/o
intestine
hepat/o
liver
-cyte
cell
Maxilla
upper jaw bone
mandible
low jaw bone
clavicle
collar bone
humer/o
humerus (upper arm bone)
stern/o
sternum (breast bone)
scapula
shoulder blade
radius
forearm bone on thumb side
ulna
forearm bone
carp/o
carpals (wrist bones)
metacarp/o
metacarpals (hand bones)
phalang/o
phalanges (fingers and toes bones)
illum
Upper pelvis
sacrum
tailbone
coccyx
tip of the tailbone
Pubis
Lower pelvis
Femor/0
femur (Thigh bone)
Patell/o
Patella (kneecap)
Tibi/o
tibia (Lower leg bone, weight bearing)
Fibul/o
Fibula (Lateral Lower leg)
Tarsals
Ankle bones
Metatarsals
foot bones
cervic/o
neck; cervix
crani/o
skull
spondyl/o
vertebra (Backbone)
vertebr/o
vertebra
calcane/o
calcaneus (heel bone)
spondylitis
inflammation of any vertebra
vertebral
pertaining to any vertebrae
pelv/i
pelvis (noun)
pelv/o
pertaining to the pelvis
radiograph
instrument for recording
ankl/o
stiffness
ankylosis
immobility of a joint
arth/o
joint
arthritis
inflammation of a joint
lamin/o
lamina of the vertebra
myel/o
bone marrow or spinal cord
myelocele
herniation of the spinal cord
orth/o
straight
oste/o
bone
-clast
to break
osteoclast
instrument or cell that breaks down bone
-malcia
softening
osteomalacia
softening of the bone
-physis
growth
diaphysis
middle part of a long bone (shaft)
epiphysis
end of a long bone
-porosis
porous
subcostal
underneath the rib
4 types of bones
long
short
flat
irregular
periosteum
thin lining around bones that provides nutrient, most sensitive tissue in the body
-blast
embryonic cells
leuk/o
white
leukocytes
white blood cells WBC
erythr/o
red
erythrocyte
red blood cell RBC
dist/o
farthest from
proxim/o
closest to
rickets
decrease in bone strength during development due to lack of nutritional calcium
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density due to age and lack of calcium and vitamin D
calc/o
calcium
-emia
in the blood
gram
record
synarthroses
totally immovable joint
diarthroses
freely moveable joints
amphiarthroses
slightly moveable joints
THR
Total Hip Replacement
TKR
Total Knee Replacement
osteoarthritis
inflammation of the bones and joints
cephal/o
head
cephalodynia
headache
encephal/o
within the head
Fracture (fx)
Bone Break
Closed fx
Fracture the does not break the skin
open fx (compound)
fracture that breaks the skin
greenstick fx
partially broken bone
impacted fx
broken end of the bone are wedged into each other
transverse fx
fracture across the whole width of the bone
spiral fx
results from torsion (twisting) force, fx spirals along the axial of the shaft of the bone
oblique fx
fracture is at diagonal
longitudinal
fracture breaks parallel to the long axis of the bone
C1-C7
Cervical Vertebrates
T1-T12
Thoracic Vertebrates
L1-L5
Lumbar Vertebrates
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome
AP
anteroposterior
D.O.
Doctor of Osteopathy
CT
computed tomography
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
sprain
injury to a ligament
strain
injury to a muscle or tendon
contusion
a injury caused by compression
torticollis
cervical spasm and stiffness
bunion
deformity characterized by the great toe moving inward and 2nd toe angulation
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
pain and numbness of the wrist and hand caused by repetitive stress on the median nerve
contracture
limitation of normal motion caused by fibrous growth in surrounding soft tissue
crepitation
grating sound made by movement of bones ends rubbing together
subluxation
partial dislocation
kyphosis
increased curvature of the thoracic spine
lordosis
forward curvature of lumbar spine
scoliosis
sideways curvature of the spine left to right
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the spinal canal
spondylolisthesis
partial forward dislocation of a vertebrae
bone scan
procedure the visualizes the bone with radiopharmaceutical material
NSAID’s
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs used to relieve pain and swelling
osteophytes
bone growth on the end of bones
spur
abnormal growth on the bones surface
acromial
referring to the acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral
referring to the shoulder joint
tuberosity
a rounded raised part of the bone that serves an attachment for tendon
