musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is the musculoskeletal system?
The system which provides form, support, stability and movement to the body
It includes bones, muscles, cartilages, tendons, ligaments, and joints.
What are the main components of the musculoskeletal system?
- Bones
- Muscles
- Cartilages
- Tendons
- Ligaments
- Joints
Define bone.
A rigid connective tissue that supports and protects body parts, produces blood cells, stores minerals, and enables mobility.
What is bone marrow?
A semi-solid tissue present in the sponge parts of the bone that produces new blood cells through hematopoiesis.
What are muscles?
Bundles of fibrous tissues that have the ability to contract, produce movements, and maintain the position of body parts.
What is the function of cartilage?
Soft connective tissue that reduces friction in joints, holds bones together, and supports the bones.
What is a tendon?
Tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones.
What is a ligament?
Short bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect two bones or cartilages in a joint.
What percentage of total body mass does the muscular system account for in men and women?
Men: 38-54%
Women: 28-39%
What is osteology?
The branch of anatomy that deals with the study of bones and cartilages.
What are the two types of skeleton?
- Exo-skeleton: Present in relation with the skin
- Endo-skeleton: Deeply situated and forms the main skeleton of humans.
What is the total number of bones in an adult human body?
206 bones.
What happens to the number of bones from infancy to adulthood?
The number decreases from about 300+ at birth to 206 due to fusion of bones.
What is the largest bone in the human body?
Femur (thigh-bone).
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Stapes (in the middle ear).
What are the two types of osseous (bony) tissue?
- Compact bone tissue
- Spongy bone tissue
Describe compact bone tissue.
Very hard and dense, appears solid to the naked eye, contains osteons.
What is spongy bone tissue also known as?
Trabecular bone.
What are the three main types of developmental classification of bones?
- Membrane Bones
- Cartilaginous Bones
- Membranocartilaginous Bones
What are long bones?
Bones whose length is greater than their width, found in limbs.
What are short bones?
Roughly cuboidal bones found in the hand and foot, composed of cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone.
What are flat bones?
Bones that resemble shallow plates and form boundaries of certain body cavities, like the skull.
What are irregular bones?
Bones that have irregular shapes and are composed of a thin shell of compact bone with cancellous bone interior.
What are sesamoid bones?
Small bones found in certain tendons where they rub over bony surfaces.
