Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Gel like padding at the end of the bones
Cartilage
Long short, flat, irregular(incl. sesamoid)
4 groups of bones
Framework, support, protection, movement, storage of minerals, red blood cell production
Functions of the skeletal system
Long bones
Bones that bear the weight of the body, covered in cartilage on the ends where they form joints
Short bones
Cube shape that allow for intricate movement
Flat bones
Protect underlying organs and produce blood cells
Irregular bones
All other bones, irregular shape,for intricate movements
Femur, humerus, radius and ulna, tibia and fibula
Long bones of the body
Bone structure - cartilage
Membrane that covers epiphyses
Bone - epiphyses
Ends of the bone/where on bone meets with another bone
Bone structure - diaphysis
The shaft of the bone
Bone structure - metaphysis
The growing part of the bone between the epiphyses and diaphysis
Bone structure - marrow
Substance that fills hollow centre of the bone
Bone structure - red marrow
Manufactures red blood cells
Where red marrow is found
Skull, sternum, vertebrae, hipbones and end of long bones
Yellow marrow
Mostly fat that is in the shafts of long bones
Bone structure - periosteum
Tough white membrane that covers the entire bone
Ball and socket, hinge, and pivot
3 types of joints
Ball and socket joint
Allows greatest movement (hip or shoulder)
Hinge joints
All movement in one direction only (elbow/knee)
Pivot joints
Allow turning from side to side (skull to spine)
Gliding joint
Side to side movements (spine and foot bone)
Saddle joint
Opposing movements of the thumb
Condyloid joint
Side to side and some rotation (wrist)
Age-related changes
Loss of bone cells being created, loss of bone mass, shortening of vertebral column, loss of bone density
Movement
What increases bone mass
Continuously happening to bones
Forming and reabsorbing
206
How many bones in body
Skeletal, smooth, cardiac
3 types of muscles
Skeletal muscle
Voluntary muscle that forms the largest group
Skeletal muscle function
These muscles allow us to move our body
Smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle that controls the movement of the internal systems of the body
Smooth muscle function
Allow digestion, respiratory, urination, uterine, and sphincters
Isotonic
Same fluids NaCl in our body as administering fluids
Muscles
Produce a lot of heat
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary muscle in the heart
Cardiac muscle function
Contracts and relaxes to pump blood through the body
Movement, heat generation, maintaining posture
Muscular system functions
Excitability
Must be able to respond to stimulus
Contractability
Must have the ability to shorten and tighten
Extensibility
Must have the ability to stretch
Elasticity
Must have the ability to regain original size and shape
Toxicity
Must have the ability to maintain steady contraction
Muscle atrophy
When muscles get smaller and weaker losing the ability to move
Contracture
When muscles are not kept moving, the flexor muscles take over and place a limb in a constant bent position
Flexor muscles
Muscles that make the arm bend
Extensor muscles
Muscles that straighten the arm
Paralysis
A nerve to a muscle is damage and cannot function
Paralysis
A nerve to a muscle is damage and cannot function
