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1140 Quiz One > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe bone

A

Bone is made up of living cells and is covered in periosteum

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2
Q

What are long bones

A

Arm bones (humerus, radius) and legs (femur and tibia)

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3
Q

What are short bones

A

Wrist and ankle bones

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4
Q

What are flat bones

A

Skull, ribs and sternum

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5
Q

What are irregular bones

A

Hip bone and vertebrae

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6
Q

What are the function of flat bones

A

Protect the organs

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7
Q

What are functions of long bones

A

Strength, structure and mobility

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8
Q

What is the function of short bones

A

Skill and ease of movement

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9
Q

What is the function of irregular bones

A

Provide sites for muscle attachment and allow movement and felxability along with support

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10
Q

What are the overall functions of bones

A

Provide a frame for the body
Give shape to the body
Allow for movement
Produce blood cells
Store calcium and phosphorus

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11
Q

What are the functions of muscles

A

Allow for movement
Maintain posture/support
Produce body heat

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12
Q

What is a joint

A

Point at which two or more bones meet

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13
Q

What are the three major types of joint and briefly describe

A

Fibrous or immovable
Cartilaginous or slightly moveable
Synovial or freely movable

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14
Q

What are tendons and what are their functions

A

Strong tough connective tissue.
Function - to connect to muscles to your bones
Lets us move our limbs
Help prevent muscle injury

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15
Q

What are ligaments

A

Strong bands of connective tissue connect two bones together

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16
Q

What are normal findings of musculoskeletal system

A

Adequate muscle strength
Full or functional ROM
Able to perform fine movements
Movements are smooth
Able to maintain posture

17
Q

What are three type of muscles

A

Voluntary or striated
Involantary or smooth
Cardiac- looks similar to striated but is involuntary

18
Q

What are the functions of muscles

A

Allow for movement
Maintain posture/support
Produce heat

19
Q

What are some muscles to know

A

Biceps, trapezius, deltoid, triceps, tendons, hamstrings, quadriceps

20
Q

What is mobility and what is exercise

A

Ability to move
Exercise is planned and goal driven

21
Q

What factors influence exercise/mobility

A

Illness
Injury
Aging
Lifestyle
Pain
Lifestyle
Cultural

22
Q

What are effects of immobility

A

Deconditioning
Contractures
Muscle atrophy
Orthostratic hypotension

23
Q

What is foot drop

A

Permanent dorsiflexion

24
Q

What are some causes of falls

A

Mechanical - improper use of equipment
Poor fitting shoes
Cluttered room

Client related factors - decreased vision
Deconditioned
Cognitive impairment

Care giver - rushing, call bells, items in reach, bed alarm

25
Q

What is fractures

A

A break in the bone the tissues around the fracture including muscles, blood vessels, nerves and tendons are usually injured

26
Q

What are two different type of fractures

A

Open and closed fractures

27
Q

What is signs and symptoms of fractures

A

Bent or out of position
Pain
Swelling
Color or bruising

28
Q

What is amputation

A

It may be traumatic or surgical
Person may experience phantom limb pain

29
Q

What is amputation

A

It may be traumatic or surgical
Person may experience phantom limb pain

30
Q

What is hca role is amputation

A

Assist with prosthesis car
Provide assist with skin care obese skin breakdown

31
Q

What is treatment for fractures

A

Reduction - closed, open (hardware)
Immobilization (cast, tight shoe)
Do not move person unless in danger

32
Q

What is osteoporosis and the risk factors

A

Bones become more brittle and fracture easily

Risk factors - decreases estrogen after menopause
Lack of vitamin d
Lifestyle factors (smoking)

33
Q

What is prevention for osteoporosis

A

Care with moving, positioning
Safety from accidents
Promote healthy diet
Assist with exercise
Assist medications

34
Q

What is arthritis

A

Joint inflammation is the most common joint disease.

35
Q

What are difference between osteoarthritis or rheumatioid arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis - causes cartilage to wear away bones rub together it is worse later in day. Pain stiffness with activity

Rheumatoid arthritis - autoimmune disease
Progressive. It is worse in morning. Fever fatigue

36
Q

Caring for arthritis

A

Positioning
Ice/heat
Safety
Self esteem
Independence
Weight loss
Walking aids

1140 Quiz One (6 decks)

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