Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

Motor system

A

muscles and bones

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2
Q

Functions of muscles and bones may ____

A

overlap

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3
Q

muscles and bones ____ the body and make movement of body parts possible.

A

support

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4
Q

Both ___ internal organs.

A

protect

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5
Q

Both ____ the functioning of other
systems (think immune system and
blood)

A

aid

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6
Q

Compact bone - contains many ___

A

osteons (Haversian systems) lie in chambers around a osteocytes (type of bone cell) central canal

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7
Q

Cells are in a matrix containing ____
and ____ salts

A

calcium, phosphorus

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8
Q

Osteoblasts

A

deposit bone, store calcium

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9
Q

Osteoclasts

A

digest bone, release calcium

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10
Q

Spongy bone - Numerous ___ and ____
separated by irregular spaces

A

bars, plates

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11
Q

Spaces often filled with ___ bone marrow — tissue producing red blood cells

A

red bone marrow

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12
Q

Long Bone Cavity - Cavity of bone filled with
____ bone marrow

A

yellow bone marrow

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13
Q

Long Bone Cavity - stores ___

A

fat

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14
Q

Axial skeleton (central core) contains 3 things:

A
  • Skull—cranium and facial bones
  • Vertebral column
  • Rib cage—ribs and sternum
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15
Q

Appendicular skeleton (periphery) contains 2 things:

A
  • Pectoral (shoulder) girdle—clavicle,
    scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, hand
  • Pelvic (hip) girdle—coxal bones (pelvis),
    femur, tibia, fibula, foot
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16
Q

6 Functions of the Skeletal System:

A
  1. Support for soft tissues
  2. Protection from injury to internal organs
  3. Body movement – leverage
    * Attachment sites for muscles (tendons)
    * Bone connections (ligaments)
  4. Mineral HOMEOSTASIS
  5. Blood cell production (red bone marrow)
    * HEMOPOIESIS
  6. Energy storage (yellow bone storage)
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17
Q

Skeletal muscles move bones at _____.

A

joints

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18
Q

Muscles only shorten when they ____.
* Must be arranged in antagonistic pairs

A

contract

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19
Q

In Antagonistic pairs, each member of pair of muscles pulls on a bone in _____ direction.

A

opposite

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20
Q

Often, there are antagonistic pairs of muscles pulling a bone in a
direction ____ a joint

A

over

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21
Q

Immovable (synarthrosis)—

A

joints of cranium

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22
Q

Slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)—

A

joints
between vertebrae

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23
Q

Freely moveable (diarthrosis)—

A

synovial joint

24
Q

Freely moveable (diarthrosis)— Antagonistic pairs of muscles will move bones in _____ directions around these joints

A

OPPOSITE

25
Q

Flexion -

A

inward movement (towards body)

26
Q

Extension -

A

outward movement (away body)

27
Q

Abduction -

A

outward sideways movement

28
Q

Adduction -

A

inward sideways movement

29
Q

Rotation -

A

moving a body part around its own axis

30
Q

Inversion -

A

turning foot towards the body

31
Q

Eversion -

A

turning foot away from the body

32
Q

Compact bone, is ___ looking and _____

A

smooth looking and homogenous.

33
Q

Spongy bones, which consists of small ___ ____ and ____

A

Trabeculae, bars of bones, and space.

34
Q

(compact ) Long bones -

A

such as the femur, which are longer than wide, have a shaft and heads at the end. These bones are mostly
compact bone.

35
Q

(more spongy then compact) Short bones,

A

such as the tarsals, which are cube shaped,
contain more spongy bone than compact bone

36
Q

(skull bones) Flat bones

A

consist of two layers of thin compact bone with spongy bone in between.
Many of these bones are curved.

37
Q

Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae,

A

which are unusually shaped.

38
Q

Sesamoid bones which are found inside of

A

tendons, ex. the patella.

39
Q

Wormian/ Sutural bones which are small bones found

A

between the cranial bones.

40
Q
  • The Shaft or Diaphysis is found on the ____ axis, consisting mostly of ____ bone.
A

long, compact

41
Q

The Epiphysis is found at the end of ___ bones, and consists of mostly ___ bone and a superficial thin layer of ____ bone.

A

long, spongy bone, compact bone

42
Q

The Articular cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage and covers the epiphyseal surface of the ___ bone instead of periosteum. It is a ___ surface that prevents friction
at the joints.

A

long, smooth

43
Q

The Epiphyseal plate is an area of hyaline cartilage that allows for ____ in growing animals.

A

growth

44
Q

The Epiphyseal line is a remnant of plate of bone ___.

A

growth

45
Q

The Periosteum is a ___ membrane covering that surrounds the ____ of the bone.

A

fibrous, outside

46
Q

Sharpey’s fibers from the periosteum -

A

plunge into the bone allowing blood
vessels and nerves to enter the bone.

47
Q

Osteoblasts are

A

bone forming cells and are found in the periosteum.

48
Q

Osteoclasts are

A

bone destroying cells and are found in the Endosteum, the inner surface lining of the shaft.

49
Q

The Central Cavity of the shaft is also
called the ____ cavity and stores
___. In infants the cavity stores ____marrow, in adults the red marrow is only found in the epiphysis(end of the bone) spaces in the spongy bone

A

Medullary, stores fat, red

50
Q

The skull has __ cranial bones and they are:

A

8

2 temporal bones
2 parietal bones
1 occipital bone
1 frontal bone
1 sphenoid bone
1 ethmoid

51
Q

The skull has __ facial bones and they are

A

14

Mandible
maxillae
lacrimal
palatine
zygomatic
nasal
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
hyoid

52
Q

The Vertebral Column consists of ___ bones: the ____, and the ___ and the ____.

A

24, Vertebrae, Sacrum and Coccyx

53
Q

The ___ bones of the neck are called the

A

7
Cervical
vertebrae.

54
Q

The __ bones of the upper back are called the

A

12, Thoracic vertebrae.

55
Q

The _ bones of the lower back are called the

A

5, Lumbar vertebrae.

56
Q
A