Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Motor system
muscles and bones
Functions of muscles and bones may ____
overlap
muscles and bones ____ the body and make movement of body parts possible.
support
Both ___ internal organs.
protect
Both ____ the functioning of other
systems (think immune system and
blood)
aid
Compact bone - contains many ___
osteons (Haversian systems) lie in chambers around a osteocytes (type of bone cell) central canal
Cells are in a matrix containing ____
and ____ salts
calcium, phosphorus
Osteoblasts
deposit bone, store calcium
Osteoclasts
digest bone, release calcium
Spongy bone - Numerous ___ and ____
separated by irregular spaces
bars, plates
Spaces often filled with ___ bone marrow — tissue producing red blood cells
red bone marrow
Long Bone Cavity - Cavity of bone filled with
____ bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
Long Bone Cavity - stores ___
fat
Axial skeleton (central core) contains 3 things:
- Skull—cranium and facial bones
- Vertebral column
- Rib cage—ribs and sternum
Appendicular skeleton (periphery) contains 2 things:
- Pectoral (shoulder) girdle—clavicle,
scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, hand - Pelvic (hip) girdle—coxal bones (pelvis),
femur, tibia, fibula, foot
6 Functions of the Skeletal System:
- Support for soft tissues
- Protection from injury to internal organs
- Body movement – leverage
* Attachment sites for muscles (tendons)
* Bone connections (ligaments) - Mineral HOMEOSTASIS
- Blood cell production (red bone marrow)
* HEMOPOIESIS - Energy storage (yellow bone storage)
Skeletal muscles move bones at _____.
joints
Muscles only shorten when they ____.
* Must be arranged in antagonistic pairs
contract
In Antagonistic pairs, each member of pair of muscles pulls on a bone in _____ direction.
opposite
Often, there are antagonistic pairs of muscles pulling a bone in a
direction ____ a joint
over
Immovable (synarthrosis)—
joints of cranium
Slightly moveable (amphiarthrosis)—
joints
between vertebrae
Freely moveable (diarthrosis)—
synovial joint
Freely moveable (diarthrosis)— Antagonistic pairs of muscles will move bones in _____ directions around these joints
OPPOSITE
Flexion -
inward movement (towards body)
Extension -
outward movement (away body)
Abduction -
outward sideways movement
Adduction -
inward sideways movement
Rotation -
moving a body part around its own axis
Inversion -
turning foot towards the body
Eversion -
turning foot away from the body
Compact bone, is ___ looking and _____
smooth looking and homogenous.
Spongy bones, which consists of small ___ ____ and ____
Trabeculae, bars of bones, and space.
(compact ) Long bones -
such as the femur, which are longer than wide, have a shaft and heads at the end. These bones are mostly
compact bone.
(more spongy then compact) Short bones,
such as the tarsals, which are cube shaped,
contain more spongy bone than compact bone
(skull bones) Flat bones
consist of two layers of thin compact bone with spongy bone in between.
Many of these bones are curved.
Irregular bones, such as the vertebrae,
which are unusually shaped.
Sesamoid bones which are found inside of
tendons, ex. the patella.
Wormian/ Sutural bones which are small bones found
between the cranial bones.
- The Shaft or Diaphysis is found on the ____ axis, consisting mostly of ____ bone.
long, compact
The Epiphysis is found at the end of ___ bones, and consists of mostly ___ bone and a superficial thin layer of ____ bone.
long, spongy bone, compact bone
The Articular cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage and covers the epiphyseal surface of the ___ bone instead of periosteum. It is a ___ surface that prevents friction
at the joints.
long, smooth
The Epiphyseal plate is an area of hyaline cartilage that allows for ____ in growing animals.
growth
The Epiphyseal line is a remnant of plate of bone ___.
growth
The Periosteum is a ___ membrane covering that surrounds the ____ of the bone.
fibrous, outside
Sharpey’s fibers from the periosteum -
plunge into the bone allowing blood
vessels and nerves to enter the bone.
Osteoblasts are
bone forming cells and are found in the periosteum.
Osteoclasts are
bone destroying cells and are found in the Endosteum, the inner surface lining of the shaft.
The Central Cavity of the shaft is also
called the ____ cavity and stores
___. In infants the cavity stores ____marrow, in adults the red marrow is only found in the epiphysis(end of the bone) spaces in the spongy bone
Medullary, stores fat, red
The skull has __ cranial bones and they are:
8
2 temporal bones
2 parietal bones
1 occipital bone
1 frontal bone
1 sphenoid bone
1 ethmoid
The skull has __ facial bones and they are
14
Mandible
maxillae
lacrimal
palatine
zygomatic
nasal
vomer
inferior nasal conchae
hyoid
The Vertebral Column consists of ___ bones: the ____, and the ___ and the ____.
24, Vertebrae, Sacrum and Coccyx
The ___ bones of the neck are called the
7
Cervical
vertebrae.
The __ bones of the upper back are called the
12, Thoracic vertebrae.
The _ bones of the lower back are called the
5, Lumbar vertebrae.
