Endocrine Flashcards
The Endocrine System consists of ___ and ____ that ____ _____
glands and tissues, secrete hormones
Secrete hormones directly into the _____ for distribution
throughout the body
blood
Endocrine and nervous systems are intimately involved in _______
homeostasis
Hormones can be
lipid steroids or a mixture of
protein/sugar/amino acid complexes
Hypothalamus is a part of the ____
brain
Hypothalamus help to regulate the ____ _____
the internal environment
* For example, it receives
information about the
heartbeat and body
temperature
In order for the Hypothalamus to maintain internal homeostasis, it controls the ____ of ___ ____
To do this, it controls the
secretions of Pituitary gland
Pituitary gland—is connected to the brain by the stalk and has two parts:
Anterior pituitary, . Posterior pituitary
The anterior pituitary controls the secretions of the following endocrine glands:
- Thyroid gland
- Adrenal cortex
- Gonads
Anterior pituitary
secretes hormones to regulate other glands
Posterior pituitary
stores other hormones and secrets them when needed
Thyroid gland: Produces ___ ___ dependent hormones and ___ hormone
involved in calcium homeostasis.
2 iodine, 1
Two iodine
dependent hormones:
Triiodothyronine (T3) hormone and Thyroxine (T4) hormones
one hormone
involved in calcium homeostasis:
Calcitonin hormone
thyroid hormones can ____ metabolic rate
increase
Thyroid hormones ____ have a single specific target. (do or do not)
DO NOT
Parathyroid glands produce
____
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
PTH _____ blood calcium levels
increases
PTH promotes _____ of calcium from kidneys
reabsorption
PTH activates vitamin ___ to stimulate _____ of _____ from intestine
D, absorption, calcium
Adrenal glands are located at:
Sit atop the kidneys
Adrenal glands each have an
adrenal medulla and
adrenal cortex.
______ exerts control over
adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex.
Hypothalamus
Adrenal medulla
controlled by nerve impulses from the brain to control fight
or flight hormones
Adrenal cortex
controlled by
hormones from the hypothalamus to
control salt/water balance, metabolism
of macromolecules, and a little bit of sex
hormone
Pancreas is composed of 2 types of tissues:
Exocrine tissue produces digestive juices that pass through ducts to the small intestine.
Endocrine tissue (pancreatic islets) produces and
secretes insulin and glucagon directly into the blood.
Exocrine tissue produces
digestive juices that pass through ducts to the small intestine.
Endocrine tissue (pancreatic islets) produces and
secretes
insulin and glucagon directly into the blood.
Insulin ___ blood glucose
lowers
Insulin stimulates ____ of glucose by cells—especially liver (turns glucose to glycogen remember!), muscle, and adipose tissue cells
uptake
Glucagon ___ blood glucose
Raises
Glucagon stimulates liver to ____ glycogen to glucose and
to use __ and ____ instead of glucose as an energy source
break down, fat and protein
Pancreatic islet (groups of cells in your pancreas) consists of:
Alpha cells
Beta cells
pancreatic acinar cells
Alpha cells
Glucagon producing
Beta cells
Insulin producing
pancreatic acinar cells
exocrine
