Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What is a simple fracture?
A simple fracture does not break through the skin.
How is a sprain defined ?
A sprain is a traumatic injury to a ligament.
describe a strain
A strain is a tear, partial tear, overuse, or overstretching of a muscle/tendon
What is the basic definition of muscle tissue?
a tissue composed of cells that are able to contract and relax.
What does abduction mean
( carrying AWAY from the body )
the process of carrying away from the midline
define sesamoid bone
Patella (kneecap).
Define bursitis and identify where it commonly occurs.
painful inflammation of bursae. It commonly occurs in joints.
What is pronation
turning the palm downward.
define flat bones
Sternum (breastbone), scapula (shoulder blade)
What is the process of extension in terms of joint movement?
process of stretching out; increasing the angle of a joint.
“stern/o”
Sternum
prefix “axi/o-“
At the center
Describe a ball-and-socket joint and provide examples.
allows free movement, and the joint can rotate.
Examples : the shoulder and hip.
What is lordosis, and where does it occur in the spine?
Lordosis is an exaggerated curve in the lumbar region of the spine, sometimes called “swayback.”
Which type of skeletal deformity causes an exaggerated curve in the thoracic region of the spine and is sometimes called hunchback?
Kyphosis
What are joints & examples
sometimes called articulations, are parts of the body where two or more bones join.
Examples : knee and elbow.
The adult skeleton contains ___ bones.
206
define irregular bones
Vertebra (backbone), stapes (a bone of the ear).
Explain the process of adduction and provide an example.
Adduction is the process of carrying toward the midline. An example is bringing the arm back to the body’s side.
what is a Baker cyst
a cyst of synovial fluid in the popliteal area of the leg, often associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
What region of the back does the term “lumbar” specifically refer to?
Lower back
What is plantar fasciitis, and where does it occur in the body?
inflammation on the sole of the foot. The chronic form is called plantar fasciosis.
what are osteoblasts
embryonic bone cells
What does ROM stand for in the context of musculoskeletal health?
Range of motion.
A(n) ___________ is a visual examination of a joint, accomplished by use of an arthroscope.
Arthroscopy
What term is used to describe the 7 pairs of ribs that are attached directly to the sternum in the front of the body?
true ribs.
What is the medical term for the upper jawbone?
Maxilla
what is Smooth muscle
the walls of hollow internal organs, blood vessels, respiratory system passageways, and other structures in the body.
Which bone is indicated by the term “scapul/o”?
Scapula
Describe the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances.
what is a compound fracture
A compound fracture is more complicated and does break through the skin (open fracture).
How would you describe achondroplasia
the development of cartilage at the epiphyses of the long bones and skull, resulting in dwarfism.
What is osteoporosis
a condition that causes bones to
become brittle and weak.
What is a depression fracture
when bone fragments of the skull are inward.
Define flexion and an example of a flexion movement.
the process of decreasing the angle of a joint. example : bending the elbow.
What is a greenstick fracture, and what age
group is it commonly seen?
compression forces in the
long bones of children under age 10
define short bones
Carpal (wrist bone), tarsal (ankle bone).
smallest bone and where is it located
stapes, in the ear
What is hematopoiesis, and where does it occur in the body?
blood formation, and it occurs in the bone marrow
triangular bone at the base of the spine?
Sacrum
costal fractures are located where
the ribs
Which of the following parts make up the musculoskeletal system?
bones, joints, and muscles
muscle contraction that produces
movement at a joint
Isotonic
define long bone
Humerus (upper arm bone), femur (thigh bone).
Define saddle joint
allows flexion, extension, and other movement
What causes carpal tunnel syndrome?
caused by a pinched nerve in the wrist.
what is Cardiac muscle
designed to allow the heart to contract and relax consistently.
Explain the function of a hinge joint and provide examples.
allows movement in one axis, allowing for
flexion and extension
Examples include the elbow, knee, and fingers.
biggest bone
femur
what is a closed fracture
when the bone is broken but does not rupture the skin
What anatomical structure is associated with the term “crani/o”?
Skull, cranium.
Which bone is referred to as the upper arm bone?
Humerus.
Describe the acromion in relation to the scapula.
at the lateral tip of the scapula, the highest point of the shoulder
What is the specific name for the bone commonly known as the kneecap?
Patella
A fracture that is caused by a twisting force and has fracture ends that are short
Oblique.
what is skeletal muscle
makes up 40% of body weight, allows voluntary movement at the joints.
What is the medical term for the structure involving the spinal cord or bone marrow?
Myel/o.
What is the function of a gliding joint, and where can it be found?
A gliding joint allows bone surfaces to slide over one another.
Examples : bones of the wrist, ankle, and between vertebrae.
What is ankylosing spondylitis
chronic inflammatory disease that causes a fusion of the spine.
Define a bunion in anatomical terms.
painful enlargement and inflammation of the first metatarsophalangeal joint (the base of the great toe).
In anatomical terms, what does the prefix “dia-“ indicate?
Through
What is periosteum?
the surrounding bone structure
What is “-poiesis”
Formation
Describe supination and when this movement occurs.
turning the palm upward.
Example : bowl of soup with the palm facing upward.
Explain compression fracture and where is it seen ?
caused by forces that drive bones together.
seen in the vertebrae.
_____________ is a muscle disorder that is characterized by musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, muscle stiffness and spasms, and sleep disturbances.
Fibromyalgia
In the context of bone anatomy, what does the term “process” refer to?
raised or projected area of a bone.
What is the purpose of arthroscopy, and how is it performed?
visual examination of a joint
Define avulsion fracture
forceful contraction of a muscle and a bone fragment tears
_____________ is a fragment of bone that has died as a result of disease or injury and has separated from the normal bone structure.
Sequestrum
What is a ligament
connect bones to bones
What is located within the bone structure and is responsible for producing blood cells?
The endosteum
What is osteomalacia
softening of bone
What type of tumor is osteosarcoma, and who is most affected by it?
a malignant tumor of bone,
also called Ewing sarcoma
it is most common in children.
Describe tendons
connect muscles to bone
What is torticollis
contraction of the muscles of the neck, also called wryneck.
What is a comminuted fracture
caused by a severe, direct force, creates a fracture with multiple fragments.
how many bones in the Appendicular Skeleton
126
how many bones in the Axial Skeleton
80
What type of muscle makes up the walls of hollow internal organs, blood vessels, respiratory system passageways, and other structures in the body?
Smooth muscle
What is subluxation, and how does it differ from dislocation?
Subluxation is a partial dislocation of joint
Dislocation is complete separation of the joint surfaces.
In anatomical terms, what does “orth/o” mean?
straight
What are diseases causing progressive muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass?
Muscular Dystrophy.
How is scoliosis characterized in terms of spinal curvature?
abnormal side-to-side curvature that could be in both the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spine.
Define “diaphysis”
the long shaft of a bone
What is osteomyelitis?
inflammation or infection of the bone and bone marrow.
What is a pivot joint, and where is it found in the body?
allows rotation.
Example : in the vertebrae of the spine.
Ischium is located in the ____
pelvic bone & hip
make phalanx plural
phalanges
metacarpals are in the ______
middle part of the hand; palm of the hand
Lower back bone
Lumbar
Protrusion of the central part of the disk that lies between the vertebrae, resulting in compression of the nerve root and pain
Herniated intervertebral disk
Bone tissue that is the rigid, dense outer layer of bone
compact bone
Gradual destruction of the cartilage that protects the end of a bone at the joint (Degenerative Joint Disorder (DJD))
Osteoarthritis
abnormal condition of narrowing
stenosis
malacia means
softening
physician that specializes in physical medicine including musculoskeletal disorders
physiatrist
