Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

____ include joint capsule and articular cartilage, synovium and synovial fluid, intra-articular ligaments, and juxta-articular bone

Answer 1

Articular structures

Question 2

____ include periarticular ligaments, tendons, bursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, and overlying skin

Answer 2

Extra-articular structures

Question 3

ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone

Answer 3

Ligaments

Question 4

collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone

Answer 4

Tendons

Question 5

collagen matrix overlying bony surfaces

Answer 5

Cartilage

Question 6

pouches of synovial fluid that cushion the movement of tendons and muscles over bone or other joint structures

Answer 6

Bursae

Question 7

Characteristics of a synovial joint

Answer 7

• Joint is freely movable
• Bones are covered by articular cartilage
• Bones are separated by synovial cavity
• Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid that lubricates joint movement
  Examples: shoulder, knee

Question 8

Characteristics of a cartilaginous joint

Answer 8

• Joint is slightly movable
• Bones separated by fibrocartilaginous discs
• Discs contain nucleus pulposus that cushions bony movement
  Examples: vertebral
  bodies of the spine

Question 9

Characteristics of fibrous joints

Answer 9

• Joints have no appreciable movement
• Bones separated by fibrous tissue or cartilage
  Example: sutures of
  the skull

Question 10

Types of joints

Answer 10

Spheroidal (ball and socket) - shoulder, hip
Hinge - interphalangeal joints of hand and foot, elbow
Condylar - knee, temporomandibular joint

Question 11

When assessing joint pain, Determine whether the pain is

Answer 11

Localized or diffuse
Acute or chronic
Inflammatory or noninflammatory

Question 12

Clarify and record the ____, particularly if the joint pain is caused by trauma

Answer 12

mechanism of injury

Question 13

___ cervical, __ thoracic, and __ lumbar vertebrae are stacked on the sacrum and coccyx

Answer 13

7, 12, and 5

Question 14

Two phases of Gait

Answer 14

Swing (foot moves forward, non-weight bearing) and stance (foot on ground, weight bearing)

Question 15

Bursas to palpate on the knee

Answer 15

Over the suprapatellar bursa above the knee
Prepatellar bursa over the patella
Pes anserine bursa on posteromedial knee

Question 16

Knee ligaments and their maneuver tests

Answer 16

MCL – abduction or valgus stress test
LCL – adduction or varus stress test
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) – anterior drawer sign, Lachman test
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) – posterior drawer sign
Medial and lateral menisci – McMurray test