Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Hematopoietic Tissue
A
Where new blood cells are formed in the body
2
Q
Ulna
A
The thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm
3
Q
Radius
A
The thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm
4
Q
Humerus
A
The long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.
5
Q
Ankyl/o
A
Stiff joint
6
Q
Arthr/o
A
Joint
7
Q
Burs/o
A
Sac
8
Q
Carp/o
A
Wrist
9
Q
Cervic/o
A
Neck
10
Q
Femor/o
A
Femur
11
Q
Fibul/o
A
Fibula
12
Q
Kyph/o
A
Hump
13
Q
Medull/o
A
Inner portion
14
Q
Metatars/o
A
Metatarsals
15
Q
Myel/o
A
Bone marrow, spinal cord
16
Q
Orth/o
A
Straight
17
Q
Oste/o
A
Bone
18
Q
Pod/o
A
Foot
19
Q
Thorac/o
A
Chest
20
Q
Uln/o
A
Ulna
21
Q
Vertebr/o
A
Vertebra
22
Q
-blast
A
Stiff joint
23
Q
-clasia
A
To surgically break
24
Q
-clast
A
To break
25
-desis
Fuse, stabilize
26
-listhesis
Slipping
27
-malacia
Softening
28
-physis
To grow
29
-porosis
Porous
30
-tome
Instrument to cut
31
Fasci/o
Fibrous band
32
Fibr/o
Fibers
33
Kinesi/o
Movement
34
Muscul/o
Muscle
35
My/o
Muscule
36
Myocardi/o
Heart Muscle
37
Plant/o
Sole of foot
38
Ten/o
Tendon
39
Tend/o
Tendon
40
Tendin/o
Tendon
41
Tendon/o
Tendon
42
Ab-
Away from
43
Ad-
Toward
44
Circum-
Around
45
-asthenia
Weakness
46
-kinesia
Movement
47
-tonia
Tone
48
Cartilaginous tissue
Rubber-like padding that covers and protects the end of long bones at the joins
49
Ossification
The process of bone formation
50
Cartilage
Strong flexible connective tissue found in several locations in the body such as covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint, nasal septum, bronchi, and intervertebral discs
51
Osteoblasts
An embryonic bone cell
52
Osteoclasts
A large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing
53
Long bone
Hard dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility
54
Diaphysis
Shaft of a long bone
55
Epiphyses
Broader ends of long bones
56
Short bones
Provide support and stability with little or no movement, tend to be as wide as they are long, ideal for absorbing shock
57
Flat bones
Plate shaped bones designed for extensive protection and/or to provide broader surfaces for muscular attachment
58
Sesamoid bones
Smaller bones located near joints, provide attachment points for tendons
59
Irregular bones
Dont fit other categories, serve various purposes such as protecting nervous tissue, provinding multiple achor points, maintaining pharynx and trachea support and tongue attachment
60
Proximal epiphysis
End of long bone closest to point of attachment to thr body
61
Distal epiphysis
End of the long bone furthest away from the point of attachment to the body
62
Articular cartilage
Covers the epiphyses, provents bone from rubbing against bone
63
Epiphyseal Line
Line where epiphysis meets diaphysis, sometimes called the growth plate, when young it contains carilage that is constantly replaced with new tissue, when done growing the cartilage is gone and is replaced by bone
64
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone, found in the epiphyses, spaces that contain red bone marrow, manufactures most of the body's red blood cells
65
Compact bone
Hard bone that makes up most of the diaphysis; lies under the periosteum, is a system of canals holding blood vessels designed to bring oxygen to the bone and remove waste from it.
66
Periosteum
Membrage that covers most bo es, contains numerous nerves and lymphatic vessels
67
Medullary Cavity
Cavity in the diaphysis that holds yellow bone marrow
68
Head
Large smooth ball shaped part of the long bone found at the proximal epiphysis
69
Capitulum
Sits at the distal end of the long bone, opposite the head
70
Epicondyle
Lovated at the distal end of the long bone, there are 2, the medial and the lateral.
71
Tubercle/tuberosity
Projections on bones to which muscles and tendons attach.
72
Sinus
Hollow cavity within the long bone
73
Foramen
Smooth, rounded opening in the bone for blood vessels and nerves
74
Fossa
Cavities on the bone surface
75
Fissure
Narrow, slit-like opening in the bone
76
Axial Skeleton
Made up of 80 bones, consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. (Skull made up of 8 cranial, 7 facial, and 7 associated bones. Thorax made up of the sternum and 24 ribs. Vertebral column made up of 24 individual vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx) protects major internal organs and provides attachment points for muscles, joints have limited movement.
77
Appendicular skeleton
Portion of the skeleton consisting of the bones and/or cartilage that supports the appendages, made up of girdles and extremities, responsible for movement.
78
3 types of joints
Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
79
Synovial joints
Relatively free moving, lined with synovial membrane that secretes lubricating synovial fluid, shock-absorbing due to articular cartilage.
80
Fibrous joints
Virtually unmoving joints, located in the skull.
81
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly moving, where bones need to be held in place but allow a small degree of movement, like the ribs.
82
Closed fracture
Fracture with no break in the skin. Also known as a simple fracture.
83
Colles fracture
Common type of radius fracture, at the distal end of the radius.
84
Comminuted fracture
Fracture where the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed.
85
Compound fracture
A fracture where the skin is broken by the bone itself, also known as an open fracture
86
Greenstick fracture
An incomplete fracture, only part of the bone is broken. Typically seen in small children whose bones are not fully ossified.
87
Impacted fracture
A fracture where the bone fragments are pushed together, often seen in falls.
88
Oblique fracture
A fracture at an angle to the bone
89
Spiral fracture
Frqcture where the break spirals around the bone shaft
90
Stress fracture
Caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running
91
Transverse fracture
Fracture straight across the bone, at a right angle to the bone's axis
92
Arthritis
Inflamation of the joint, symptoms include pain, swelling, and stiffness. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be perscribed for mild pain relief and to reduce inflamation.
93
Bunion
Some synovial joints contain a bursa, bunions form when the bursa at the base of the big toe becomes inflamed.
94
Dislocation
Occurs when the bones in a joint come apart from each other and are no longer in contact in the normal position
95
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis caused by bone and joint degeneration (specifically the cartilage in the joint) resulting in bone rubbing on bone
96
Sprain
"Twisted" ankle or other joint, there is no break; no dislocation, there is however, damage to the ligaments because they were over stretched
97
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Chronic arthritis characterized by swollen and stiff joints, sometimes crippling deformities caused by changes in the cartilage, classified as an autoimmune disease. Corticosteroids are hormones the adrenal cortex produces and are effective in treating RA due to anti-inflammatory properties.
If diagnosed under age 16, classified as juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis.
98
Subluxation
Unfinished dislocation where bones remain in contact but joint is misaligned
99
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
An autoimmune disease that mimics RA it is a disease of connective tissue that can include joint pain
100
Talipes
Misalignment of ankle joint and foot, also known as a clubfoot
101
Striated muscles
Skeletal muscles, voluntary movement, attached to skeleton either directly or indirectly, each muscle is wrapped in fascia which contains the muscle's nerve, blood, and lymph supply and tapers at the end to form a tendon. The tendon is inserted into the bones periosteum to create an anchor
102
Cardiac muscle
Called the myocardium, involuntary striated muscle, works on its own to pump blood through the body.
103
Smooth muscles
Visceral muscles, involuntary muscles controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and move internal organs such as digestive tract and blood vessels. Arranged in sheets as opposed to bundles, and are wrapped around tubes and vessels
104
Muscular Distrophy (MD)
Hereditary muscular weakening and atrophy.
105
Pseudohypertropic Muscular Dystrophy
Muscles weaken and atrophy. Muscle is replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of muscle bulk.
106
Fibromyalgia
Chronic, non-progressive condition of pain in the muscles, tendons, and ligaments
107
Lateral Epiconylitis
Inflamation of the muscle attachment to the elbow usually resulting from strong gripping. Tennis elbow.
108
Strain
Trauma to muscle from excessive stretching or pulling
109
Repetitive Motion Disorder
Group of chronic disorders involving the tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage resulting from the tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods.
110
Ganglion cyst
found at the top of a joint covering a tendon, sometimes found on the ankle, wrist is most common location.
111
Rotator cuff injury
Usually a strain or tear in the area of the shoulder joint
