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Body Systems > Musculoskeletal System > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Hematopoietic Tissue

A

Where new blood cells are formed in the body

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2
Q

Ulna

A

The thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm

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3
Q

Radius

A

The thicker and shorter of the two bones in the human forearm

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4
Q

Humerus

A

The long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

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5
Q

Ankyl/o

A

Stiff joint

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6
Q

Arthr/o

A

Joint

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7
Q

Burs/o

A

Sac

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8
Q

Carp/o

A

Wrist

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9
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck

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10
Q

Femor/o

A

Femur

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11
Q

Fibul/o

A

Fibula

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12
Q

Kyph/o

A

Hump

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13
Q

Medull/o

A

Inner portion

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14
Q

Metatars/o

A

Metatarsals

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15
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow, spinal cord

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16
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

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17
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone

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18
Q

Pod/o

A

Foot

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19
Q

Thorac/o

A

Chest

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20
Q

Uln/o

A

Ulna

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21
Q

Vertebr/o

A

Vertebra

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22
Q

-blast

A

Stiff joint

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23
Q

-clasia

A

To surgically break

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24
Q

-clast

A

To break

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25
Q

-desis

A

Fuse, stabilize

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26
Q

-listhesis

A

Slipping

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27
Q

-malacia

A

Softening

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28
Q

-physis

A

To grow

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29
Q

-porosis

A

Porous

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30
Q

-tome

A

Instrument to cut

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31
Q

Fasci/o

A

Fibrous band

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32
Q

Fibr/o

A

Fibers

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33
Q

Kinesi/o

A

Movement

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34
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle

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35
Q

My/o

A

Muscule

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36
Q

Myocardi/o

A

Heart Muscle

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37
Q

Plant/o

A

Sole of foot

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38
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendon

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39
Q

Tend/o

A

Tendon

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40
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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41
Q

Tendon/o

A

Tendon

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42
Q

Ab-

A

Away from

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43
Q

Ad-

A

Toward

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44
Q

Circum-

A

Around

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45
Q

-asthenia

A

Weakness

46
Q

-kinesia

A

Movement

47
Q

-tonia

A

Tone

48
Q

Cartilaginous tissue

A

Rubber-like padding that covers and protects the end of long bones at the joins

49
Q

Ossification

A

The process of bone formation

50
Q

Cartilage

A

Strong flexible connective tissue found in several locations in the body such as covering the ends of bones in a synovial joint, nasal septum, bronchi, and intervertebral discs

51
Q

Osteoblasts

A

An embryonic bone cell

52
Q

Osteoclasts

A

A large multinucleate bone cell that absorbs bone tissue during growth and healing

53
Q

Long bone

A

Hard dense bones that provide strength, structure and mobility

54
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of a long bone

55
Q

Epiphyses

A

Broader ends of long bones

56
Q

Short bones

A

Provide support and stability with little or no movement, tend to be as wide as they are long, ideal for absorbing shock

57
Q

Flat bones

A

Plate shaped bones designed for extensive protection and/or to provide broader surfaces for muscular attachment

58
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Smaller bones located near joints, provide attachment points for tendons

59
Q

Irregular bones

A

Dont fit other categories, serve various purposes such as protecting nervous tissue, provinding multiple achor points, maintaining pharynx and trachea support and tongue attachment

60
Q

Proximal epiphysis

A

End of long bone closest to point of attachment to thr body

61
Q

Distal epiphysis

A

End of the long bone furthest away from the point of attachment to the body

62
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Covers the epiphyses, provents bone from rubbing against bone

63
Q

Epiphyseal Line

A

Line where epiphysis meets diaphysis, sometimes called the growth plate, when young it contains carilage that is constantly replaced with new tissue, when done growing the cartilage is gone and is replaced by bone

64
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongy bone, found in the epiphyses, spaces that contain red bone marrow, manufactures most of the body’s red blood cells

65
Q

Compact bone

A

Hard bone that makes up most of the diaphysis; lies under the periosteum, is a system of canals holding blood vessels designed to bring oxygen to the bone and remove waste from it.

66
Q

Periosteum

A

Membrage that covers most bo es, contains numerous nerves and lymphatic vessels

67
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

Cavity in the diaphysis that holds yellow bone marrow

68
Q

Head

A

Large smooth ball shaped part of the long bone found at the proximal epiphysis

69
Q

Capitulum

A

Sits at the distal end of the long bone, opposite the head

70
Q

Epicondyle

A

Lovated at the distal end of the long bone, there are 2, the medial and the lateral.

71
Q

Tubercle/tuberosity

A

Projections on bones to which muscles and tendons attach.

72
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow cavity within the long bone

73
Q

Foramen

A

Smooth, rounded opening in the bone for blood vessels and nerves

74
Q

Fossa

A

Cavities on the bone surface

75
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow, slit-like opening in the bone

76
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Made up of 80 bones, consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. (Skull made up of 8 cranial, 7 facial, and 7 associated bones. Thorax made up of the sternum and 24 ribs. Vertebral column made up of 24 individual vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx) protects major internal organs and provides attachment points for muscles, joints have limited movement.

77
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Portion of the skeleton consisting of the bones and/or cartilage that supports the appendages, made up of girdles and extremities, responsible for movement.

78
Q

3 types of joints

A

Synovial
Fibrous
Cartilaginous

79
Q

Synovial joints

A

Relatively free moving, lined with synovial membrane that secretes lubricating synovial fluid, shock-absorbing due to articular cartilage.

80
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Virtually unmoving joints, located in the skull.

81
Q

Cartilaginous joints

A

Slightly moving, where bones need to be held in place but allow a small degree of movement, like the ribs.

82
Q

Closed fracture

A

Fracture with no break in the skin. Also known as a simple fracture.

83
Q

Colles fracture

A

Common type of radius fracture, at the distal end of the radius.

84
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

Fracture where the bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed.

85
Q

Compound fracture

A

A fracture where the skin is broken by the bone itself, also known as an open fracture

86
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

An incomplete fracture, only part of the bone is broken. Typically seen in small children whose bones are not fully ossified.

87
Q

Impacted fracture

A

A fracture where the bone fragments are pushed together, often seen in falls.

88
Q

Oblique fracture

A

A fracture at an angle to the bone

89
Q

Spiral fracture

A

Frqcture where the break spirals around the bone shaft

90
Q

Stress fracture

A

Caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running

91
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Fracture straight across the bone, at a right angle to the bone’s axis

92
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflamation of the joint, symptoms include pain, swelling, and stiffness. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be perscribed for mild pain relief and to reduce inflamation.

93
Q

Bunion

A

Some synovial joints contain a bursa, bunions form when the bursa at the base of the big toe becomes inflamed.

94
Q

Dislocation

A

Occurs when the bones in a joint come apart from each other and are no longer in contact in the normal position

95
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis caused by bone and joint degeneration (specifically the cartilage in the joint) resulting in bone rubbing on bone

96
Q

Sprain

A

“Twisted” ankle or other joint, there is no break; no dislocation, there is however, damage to the ligaments because they were over stretched

97
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

A

Chronic arthritis characterized by swollen and stiff joints, sometimes crippling deformities caused by changes in the cartilage, classified as an autoimmune disease. Corticosteroids are hormones the adrenal cortex produces and are effective in treating RA due to anti-inflammatory properties.

If diagnosed under age 16, classified as juvenile rheumatoid Arthritis.

98
Q

Subluxation

A

Unfinished dislocation where bones remain in contact but joint is misaligned

99
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

An autoimmune disease that mimics RA it is a disease of connective tissue that can include joint pain

100
Q

Talipes

A

Misalignment of ankle joint and foot, also known as a clubfoot

101
Q

Striated muscles

A

Skeletal muscles, voluntary movement, attached to skeleton either directly or indirectly, each muscle is wrapped in fascia which contains the muscle’s nerve, blood, and lymph supply and tapers at the end to form a tendon. The tendon is inserted into the bones periosteum to create an anchor

102
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Called the myocardium, involuntary striated muscle, works on its own to pump blood through the body.

103
Q

Smooth muscles

A

Visceral muscles, involuntary muscles controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and move internal organs such as digestive tract and blood vessels. Arranged in sheets as opposed to bundles, and are wrapped around tubes and vessels

104
Q

Muscular Distrophy (MD)

A

Hereditary muscular weakening and atrophy.

105
Q

Pseudohypertropic Muscular Dystrophy

A

Muscles weaken and atrophy. Muscle is replaced by fatty tissue, giving appearance of muscle bulk.

106
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic, non-progressive condition of pain in the muscles, tendons, and ligaments

107
Q

Lateral Epiconylitis

A

Inflamation of the muscle attachment to the elbow usually resulting from strong gripping. Tennis elbow.

108
Q

Strain

A

Trauma to muscle from excessive stretching or pulling

109
Q

Repetitive Motion Disorder

A

Group of chronic disorders involving the tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage resulting from the tissue being subjected to pressure, vibration, or repetitive movements for prolonged periods.

110
Q

Ganglion cyst

A

found at the top of a joint covering a tendon, sometimes found on the ankle, wrist is most common location.

111
Q

Rotator cuff injury

A

Usually a strain or tear in the area of the shoulder joint

Body Systems (3 decks)

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