Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

what does The Musculoskeletal System consist of?

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle
Human skeleton
Connective tissue

Question 2

what is the main function of bones? what do they also do?

Answer 2

Main function: structural support
Stores minerals
Produce red and white blood cells in marrow
Produces hormones - that effects insulin

Question 3

what are bone 3 components? and what do they do ?

Answer 3

1. Collagen
   Protein that give bones a flexible framework
2. Calcium-phosphate mineral complex (hydroxyapatite)
   Make bones hard and strong
3. Bone cells
   Remove and replace weakened sections of bone

Question 4

why is bone remodeled every year? (3 reasons)

Answer 4

so that its strong.
Repair damage
Maintain bone mineral density
Maintain serum calcium

Question 5

what are the two key processes of bone remodeling?

Answer 5

Resorption: break down of old bone
Formation: new bone formation

Question 6

what are the 3 cell types (all starts with osteo)? And what do they do?

Answer 6

1. Osteoclasts - remove old bone 
Clasts = chew 
2. Osteoblasts - bone forming cells 
Blasts = build 
3. Osteocytes - mature cells, activate bone turnover and regulate calcium

Question 7

what are the 3 main types of joints?

Answer 7

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Question 8

what are the Synovial Joints? what do they contain?

Answer 8

-most moveable joints 
 Contains: 
-Fibrous joint capsule 
-Joint cavity with synovial fluid 
-Cartilage

Question 9

what is cartilage? where is it located?

Answer 9

Dense connective tissue
Largely composed of collagen
Located: between joints, bones, ear, ribs, nose, intervertebral disks

Question 10

what are the three cartilage types? what are their purposes?

Answer 10

1. Elastic: Flexible, allows movement
2. Fibrocartilage: Dense, provide support
3. Hyaline (or articular): Covers ends of bones, prevents friction

Question 11

what do ligaments do?

Answer 11

Connect bones to bones - stabilize joints

Question 12

what do tendons do?

Answer 12

Connect muscle to bone

Question 13

what are problems that may arise within the MSK problems?

Answer 13

Soft tissue and bone injuries 
Joint disease 
-Arthritis 
-Osteoarthritis 
-Rheumatoid arthritis 
Bone disease 
-Osteoporosis 
Low back pain

Question 14

what is arthritis?

Answer 14

Arthritis: arthro = joint; itis = inflammation

Question 15

what are the two most common types of arthritis?

Answer 15

Osteoarthritis (OA) 
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Question 16

what is Osteoarthritis (OA) ?

Answer 16

Degenerative joint disease - “wear and tear”

Breakdown of joint cartilage

Question 17

what parts of the body does osteoarthritis commonly affect?

Answer 17

hands, feet, and large weight - bearing joints (e.g: back, knees)

Question 18

what is osteoarthritis characterized by?

Answer 18

pain, swelling, stiffness

Loss of ROM and mobility

Question 19

what are the non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors of osteoarthritis?

Answer 19

Non-modifiable 
-Age 
-Genetic predisposition 
-Abnormal joint structure 
Modifiable 
-Excessive body mass
-Joint injury - work, sports 
-Occupation 
-Muscle weakness 
**running style or throwing motion

Question 20

how does exercise affect MSK and its complications?

Answer 20

Improved muscle mass, strength and balance…prevents falls/breaks
Can “attenuate” bone loss with exercise”