Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Main bones of the human body - axial skeleton (9)
frontal bone, maxilla, mandible, temporal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, vertebral column, ribs, sternum
Main bones of the human body - appendicular skeleton (19)
clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges of hand, ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx, femur, patella, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges of foot
Types of bones
- Long
- Short
- Flat
- Irregular
- Sesamoid
Functions of the skeletal system
- Protection
- Support
- Movement (with involvement of the muscular system)
- Storage of fat and minerals and blood cell formation
Types of muscles and their location
Skeletal muscle: all muscles attached to the skeleton
Smooth muscle: muscular layer of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, respiratory tract, arrector pili muscle of hair, ciliary muscle, and sphincter pupillae muscle of iris
Cardiac muscle: muscular layer of heart (myocardium)
Muscles of the head and neck (5)
orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, platysma muscle
Muscles of the trunk (7)
pectoralis major, intercostal muscles, serratus anterior, rectus abdominis, trapezius, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscles
Muscles of the upper limb (7)
deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum, dorsal interossei muscles of hand.
Muscles of the lower limb (9)
gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae, quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, adductor magnus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, triceps surae, dorsal interossei muscles of foot
Main joints of the upper body
- Temporomandibular joint
- Zygapophyseal joints
- Sternoclavicular joint
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Glenohumeral joint
- Elbow joint
- Radiocarpal joint
- Carpometacarpal joints
- Metacarpophalangeal joints
Main joints of the lower body
- Sacroiliac joint
- Hip joint
- Knee joint
- Ankle joint
- Subtalar joint
- Interphalangeal joints
Types of synovial joints
- Plane
- Ellipsoid
- Hinge
- Ball and socket
- Pivot
- Saddle
Main components of synovial joints
Articular cartilage: covers the ends of the articulating bones
Articular capsule: composed of an outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane
Joint cavity: filled with synovial fluid
Reinforcing ligaments: support the articular capsule
Head regions
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, auricular, orbital, infraorbital, buccal, parotid, zygomatic, nasal, oral, mental regions
Neck regions
submandibular, submental, carotid, muscular, lesser supraclavicular, occipital, omoclavicular, suboccipital triangles/regions
Anterior trunk regions
presternal, pectoral, inframammary, hypochondriac, epigastric, lumbar, inguinal, umbilical, pubic regions
Posterior trunk regions
deltoid, suprascapular, interscapular, scapular, infrascapular, vertebral, lumbrar, sacral, gluteal, anal regions
Upper limb regions
infraclavicular, clavipectoral, axillary, deltoid, scapular, anterior arm, posterior arm, anterior forearm, posterior forearm, anterior cubital, posterior cubital, anterior carpal, posterior carpal, palm of hand, dorsum of hand
Lower limb regions
femoral, anterior thigh, posterior thigh, anterior knee, posterior knee, anterior leg region, posterior leg region, calcaneal, retromalleolar, dorsum of foot, sole of foot regions
Head muscles
muscles of facial expression, muscles of mastication (temporal, masseter, pterygoids)
Neck muscles
suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, scalenes, platysma
Trunk muscles
pectoral, intercostal, anterior abdominal, lateral abdominal, posterior trunk muscles
Upper extremity muscles
shoulder, arm, forearm, hand muscles
Lower extremity muscles
gluteal, hip, thigh, leg, foot muscles
