Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Main bones of the human body - axial skeleton (9)

Answer 1

frontal bone, maxilla, mandible, temporal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, vertebral column, ribs, sternum

Question 2

Main bones of the human body - appendicular skeleton (19)

Answer 2

clavicle, scapula, humerus, ulna, radius, carpal bones, metacarpals, phalanges of hand, ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx, femur, patella, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, phalanges of foot

Question 3

Types of bones

Answer 3

• Long
• Short
• Flat
• Irregular
• Sesamoid

Question 4

Functions of the skeletal system

Answer 4

• Protection
• Support
• Movement (with involvement of the muscular system)
• Storage of fat and minerals and blood cell formation

Question 5

Types of muscles and their location

Answer 5

Skeletal muscle: all muscles attached to the skeleton

Smooth muscle: muscular layer of blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, respiratory tract, arrector pili muscle of hair, ciliary muscle, and sphincter pupillae muscle of iris

Cardiac muscle: muscular layer of heart (myocardium)

Question 6

Muscles of the head and neck (5)

Answer 6

orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, masseter, sternocleidomastoid, platysma muscle

Question 7

Muscles of the trunk (7)

Answer 7

pectoralis major, intercostal muscles, serratus anterior, rectus abdominis, trapezius, erector spinae, latissimus dorsi muscles

Question 8

Muscles of the upper limb (7)

Answer 8

deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, brachioradialis, flexor digitorum superficialis, extensor digitorum, dorsal interossei muscles of hand.

Question 9

Muscles of the lower limb (9)

Answer 9

gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae, quadriceps femoris, biceps femoris, adductor magnus, tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, triceps surae, dorsal interossei muscles of foot

Question 10

Main joints of the upper body

Answer 10

• Temporomandibular joint
• Zygapophyseal joints
• Sternoclavicular joint
• Acromioclavicular joint
• Glenohumeral joint
• Elbow joint
• Radiocarpal joint
• Carpometacarpal joints
• Metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 11

Main joints of the lower body

Answer 11

• Sacroiliac joint
• Hip joint
• Knee joint
• Ankle joint
• Subtalar joint
• Interphalangeal joints

Question 12

Types of synovial joints

Answer 12

• Plane
• Ellipsoid
• Hinge
• Ball and socket
• Pivot
• Saddle

Question 13

Main components of synovial joints

Answer 13

Articular cartilage: covers the ends of the articulating bones

Articular capsule: composed of an outer fibrous layer and inner synovial membrane

Joint cavity: filled with synovial fluid

Reinforcing ligaments: support the articular capsule

Question 14

Head regions

Answer 14

frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, auricular, orbital, infraorbital, buccal, parotid, zygomatic, nasal, oral, mental regions

Question 15

Neck regions

Answer 15

submandibular, submental, carotid, muscular, lesser supraclavicular, occipital, omoclavicular, suboccipital triangles/regions

Question 16

Anterior trunk regions

Answer 16

presternal, pectoral, inframammary, hypochondriac, epigastric, lumbar, inguinal, umbilical, pubic regions

Question 17

Posterior trunk regions

Answer 17

deltoid, suprascapular, interscapular, scapular, infrascapular, vertebral, lumbrar, sacral, gluteal, anal regions

Question 18

Upper limb regions

Answer 18

infraclavicular, clavipectoral, axillary, deltoid, scapular, anterior arm, posterior arm, anterior forearm, posterior forearm, anterior cubital, posterior cubital, anterior carpal, posterior carpal, palm of hand, dorsum of hand

Question 19

Lower limb regions

Answer 19

femoral, anterior thigh, posterior thigh, anterior knee, posterior knee, anterior leg region, posterior leg region, calcaneal, retromalleolar, dorsum of foot, sole of foot regions

Question 20

Head muscles

Answer 20

muscles of facial expression, muscles of mastication (temporal, masseter, pterygoids)

Question 21

Neck muscles

Answer 21

suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles, scalenes, platysma

Question 22

Trunk muscles

Answer 22

pectoral, intercostal, anterior abdominal, lateral abdominal, posterior trunk muscles

Question 23

Upper extremity muscles

Answer 23

shoulder, arm, forearm, hand muscles

Question 24

Lower extremity muscles

Answer 24

gluteal, hip, thigh, leg, foot muscles