Musculoskeletal Study

Question 1

What groups are the muscular system divided into?

Answer 1

-Cardiac muscles.
-Smooth muscles.
-Skeletal muscles.

Question 2

Name the five types of muscles, regarding their fibre distribution.

Answer 2

• Spindle (same direction to contraction)
• Fan (fibres fan out to direction of contraction)
• Unipennate (fibres run at an angle to contraction)
• Bipennate (fibres run at an angle contraction, but two different angles)
• Circular (fibres run in a circle, such as with the anus or eye socket)

Question 3

What is a spindle muscle?

Answer 3

Muscle fibres all run in the direction of contraction.

Question 4

What is a fan muscle?

Answer 4

Muscle fibres all run in the direction of contraction, but the muscle fibres fan out making the muscle wider and flatter then the spindle type.

Question 5

What is a unipennate muscle?

Answer 5

Muscle fibres run at an angle to the direction of contraction.

Question 6

What is a bipennate muscle?

Answer 6

Muscle fibres run at an angle to contraction, but in these muscles fibres run in two different angles from a common tendon or bone attachment.

Question 7

What are the similarities and the differences between a tendon and a ligament? Which is stronger?

Answer 7

Both are types of fibrous connective issue. Ligaments connect bone to bone, or bone to cartilage, whereas tendons connect muscle to bone. Tendons are stronger.

Question 8

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 8

A joint (place of two or more articulating surfaces) that is lubricated with synovial fluid.

Question 9

Name the five types of synovial joints.

Answer 9

• Simple (2x bones; 1x articulating surface).
• Compound (3+ bones and 2+ articulating surface).
• Complex (Where there is a structure like a disc or meniscus in the cavity).
• Spheroid / ball & socket.
• Hinge.

Question 10

What is tonic contraction and how does it compare to isotonic?

Answer 10

Muscles that are constantly in a state of contraction, such as those maintaining posture are said to be tonic. Where contraction is held at a constant tension, it is said to be isotonic.

Question 11

What type of synovial joint has two bones and one pair of articulating surfaces?

Answer 11

Simple.

Question 12

What type of synovial joint has more than two bones and more than one pair of articulating surfaces?

Answer 12

Compound.

Question 13

What type of joint has a structure such as a disc or meniscus in the joint cavity?

Answer 13

Complex.

Question 14

What type of joint has a rounded head of a bone that fits into a rounded hollow in the articulating bone?

Answer 14

Spheroid / ball & socket.

Question 15

What joint allows movement on a single plane?

Answer 15

Hinge.

Question 16

What is an open / compound fracture?

Answer 16

When broken bones penetrate through the skin.

Question 17

What is it called when broken bones penetrate through the skin?

Answer 17

Open fracture, or compound fracture.

Question 18

What is a comminuted fracture?

Answer 18

When splintering, crushing, or shattering breaks the bone into several pieces.

Question 19

What is it called when splintering, crushing, or shattering breaks the bone into several pieces?

Answer 19

Comminuted fracture.

Question 20

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 20

An incomplete fracture, where one edge of the bone shaft is broken and the other is bent toward the fracture. Most common in young children.

Question 21

What is an incomplete fracture called, in which one edge of the bone shaft is broken and the other is bent toward the fracture?

Answer 21

Greenstick fracture.

Question 22

What is a Salter-Harris fracture?

Answer 22

Fracture of the epiphyseal plates (area of new bone formation, which seal when a person stops growing in early adulthood).

Question 23

What is a fracture of the epiphyseal plates called?

Answer 23

Salter-Harris fracture

Question 24

What are epiphyseal plates?

Answer 24

Areas of new bone formation, which seal when a person stops growing in early adulthood.

Question 25

What is a spiral/torsion fracture?

Answer 25

A fracture due to severe twisting force running along the length of the bone.

Question 26

What is the name of a fracture due to severe twisting force running along the length of the bone?

Answer 26

A spiral or torsion fracture.

Question 27

What is the name of a fracture that runs at right angles to the long axis of the bone?

Answer 27

A transverse fracture.

Question 28

What is a transverse fracture?

Answer 28

A fracture that runs at right angles to the long axis of the bone.

Question 29

What is osteomyelitis?

Answer 29

Bone infections.These are most likely to occur when the skin has been punctured. Symptoms might include swelling, limping, pain and fever. Bone infection can occur in the absence of an obvious injury and is also a symptom of some degenerative diseases.

Question 30

Define luxation/subluxation.

Answer 30

Dislocation.

Question 31

What is the difference between a sprain and a strain?

Answer 31

Sprain is an injury to a ligament, whereas a strain is to a muscle or tendon.

Question 32

A sprain is an injury to a tendon. True or false?

Answer 32

False.

Question 33

A sprain is an injury to a ligament. True of false?

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

A strain is an injury to a tendon. True or false?

Answer 34

True.

Question 35

A strain is an injury to a ligament. True of false?

Answer 35

False.