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Reinforcing Medical Terms > Medicine Types and Brand Names > Flashcards

Medicine Types and Brand Names Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetaminophen

A

Mild analgesic

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2
Q

fentanyl patch

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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3
Q

ibuprofen + codeine

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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4
Q

hydrocodone

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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5
Q

meperidine

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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6
Q

oxycodone

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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7
Q

tramadol

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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8
Q

acetyl-p-aminophenol acetaminophen (APAP)

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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9
Q

oxycodone with APAP (acetyl-p-aminophenol acetaminophen)

A

Analgesic (strong opioid)

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10
Q

NSAIDs (as a category)

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug

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11
Q

aspirin

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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12
Q

celecoxib

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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13
Q

diclofenac sodium

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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14
Q

ibuprofen

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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15
Q

ketorolac

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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16
Q

naproxen

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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17
Q

valdecoxib

A

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID)

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18
Q

ketamine

A

General anaesthetic

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19
Q

nitrous oxide

A

General anaesthetic

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20
Q

propofol

A

General anaesthetic

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21
Q

thiopental

A

General anaesthetic

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22
Q

lidocaine

A

Local anaesthetic

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23
Q

What is EMLA?

A

Eutetic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics

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24
Q

What is EMLA LP?

A

Eutetic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics; Lidocaine-Prilocaine

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25
Q

lidocaine-prilocaine (LP)

A

Local anaesthetic

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26
Q

procaine

A

Local anaesthetic

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27
Q

Fungal antibiotics (as a category)

A

Antifungals are medicines that kill or stop the growth of fungi that cause infections.

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28
Q

amphotericin B

A

Fungal antibiotic

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29
Q

clotrimazole

A

Fungal antibiotic

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30
Q

fluconazole

A

Fungal antibiotic

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31
Q

itraconazole

A

Fungal antibiotic

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32
Q

miconazole

A

Fungal antibiotic

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33
Q

nistatin

A

Fungal antibiotic

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34
Q

terbafine

A

Fungal antibiotic

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35
Q

Antituburcular drugs (as a category)

A

Drugs used for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

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36
Q

ethambutol

A

Antituburcular drug

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37
Q

isoniazid [INH]

A

Antituburcular drug

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38
Q

PASER (abbreviation)

A

P-Aminosalicylic Acid gRanules

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39
Q

PASER (abbreviation & meaning)

A

P-Aminosalicylic Acid gRanules (meaning: Antituburcular drug)

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40
Q

rifampin

A

Antituburcular drug

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41
Q

Cephalosporins (as a category)

A

Drugs that are bactericidal and similar to penicillins but not penicillin-based.

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42
Q

ceftazidime

A

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

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43
Q

cefuroxime axetil

A

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

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44
Q

Macrolides (as a category)

A

Macrolides are a class of drugs used to manage and treat various bacterial infections. They are bacteriostatic in that they cause stop reproduction in bacteria, rather than being bactericidal in themselves.

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45
Q

azithromycin

A

Macrolide Antibiotic

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46
Q

clarithromycin

A

Macrolide Antibiotic

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47
Q

erythromycin

A

Macrolide Antibiotic

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48
Q

Penicillins (as a category)

A

An antibiotic or group of antibiotics produced naturally by certain blue moulds, now usually prepared synthetically. Bactericidal.

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49
Q

amoxicillin trihydrate

A

Penicillin-based antibiotic

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50
Q

amoxicillin with clavulanate

A

Penicillin-based antibiotic

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51
Q

oxacillin

A

Penicillin-based antibiotic

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52
Q

Quinolones (as a category)

A

A group of antibiotics that are bactericidal and wide-spectrum.

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53
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

Quinolone Antibiotic

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54
Q

levofloxacin

A

Quinolone Antibiotic

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55
Q

ofloxacin

A

Quinolone Antibiotic

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56
Q

Sulfonamides / Sulfa Drugs (as a category)

A

A group of bactericidal synthetic antibiotics that contain the sulfonamide chemical group.

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57
Q

sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim

A

Sulfonamide antibiotic

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58
Q

Tetracyclines (as a category)

A

Tetracyclines are a class of bacteriostatic antibiotic used to manage and treat various bacterial infections. Tetracyclines classify as protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics and are considered to be broad-spectrum.

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59
Q

doxycycline

A

Tetracycline Antibiotic

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60
Q

Antivirals (as a category)

A

An agent that kills a virus or that suppresses its ability to replicate and, hence, inhibits its capability to multiply and reproduce.

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61
Q

acyclovir

A

Antiviral Antibiotic

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62
Q

efavirenz + tenofovirt + emtricitabine.

A

Antiviral Antibiotic (anti-HIV combination drug - all in one tablet)

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63
Q

entecavir.

A

Antiviral Antibiotic (anti-hepatitis B drug)

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64
Q

indinavir

A

Antiviral Antibiotic (anti-HIV drug; protease inhibitor)

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65
Q

lamivudine

A

Antiviral Antibiotic (anti-HIV drug; nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI))

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66
Q

ribavirin

A

Antiviral Antibiotic

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67
Q

simeprevir

A

Antiviral Antibiotic

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68
Q

sofosbuvir

A

Antiviral Antibiotic

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69
Q

Anticoagulants (as a category)

A

Anticoagulants slow down your body’s process of making clots.

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70
Q

Antiplatelets (as a category)

A

Antiplatelets prevent blood cells called platelets from clumping together to form a clot. Antiplatelets are mainly taken by people who have had a heart attack or stroke.

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71
Q

apixaban

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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72
Q

clopidigrel

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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73
Q

dabigatran

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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74
Q

dalteparin

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner) - low-molecular-weight Heparin (liver protein - the body’s natural blood-thinner)

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75
Q

enoxaparin sodium

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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76
Q

lepirudin

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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77
Q

prasugrel

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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78
Q

rivaroxaban

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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79
Q

ticagrelor

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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80
Q

tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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81
Q

tPA

A

tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) - Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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82
Q

wafarin

A

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drug (blood thinner)

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83
Q

Anticonvulsant (as a category)

A

Anti-seizure medications (anticonvulsants) were originally designed to treat people with epilepsy. But the nerve-calming qualities of some of these medications can also help quiet the burning, stabbing or shooting pain often caused by nerve damage (neuropathy).

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84
Q

carbamazepine

A

Anticonvulsant

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85
Q

felbamate

A

Anticonvulsant

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86
Q

gabapentin

A

Anticonvulsant

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87
Q

levetiracetam

A

Anticonvulsant

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88
Q

phenytoin sodium

A

Anticonvulsant

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89
Q

pregabalin

A

Anticonvulsant

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90
Q

valproic acid

A

Anticonvulsant

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91
Q

Antidepressants (as a category)

A

Antidepressants are a type of medicine used to treat clinical depression. They can also be used to treat a number of other conditions, including: obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) generalised anxiety disorder. post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

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92
Q

amitriptyline

A

Antidepressant

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93
Q

bupropion

A

Antidepressant

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94
Q

citalopram hydrobromide

A

Antidepressant

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95
Q

fluoxetine

A

Antidepressant

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96
Q

paroxetine

A

Antidepressant

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97
Q

sertraline

A

Antidepressant

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98
Q

trazodone

A

Antidepressant

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99
Q

donepezil

A

Anti-Alzheimer drug

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100
Q

memantine

A

Anti-Alzheimer drug

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101
Q

Antidiabetics (as a category)

A

Antidiebetics are used to treat diabetes mellitus, a condition in which either the hormone insulin is not produced, or the body’s tissues have developed insensitivity to insulin.

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102
Q

insulin

A

Rapid-acting Antidiabetic

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103
Q

insulin glulisine

A

Rapid-acting Antidiabetic

104
Q

insulin lispro

A

Rapid-acting Antidiabetic

105
Q

insulin regulator

A

Short-acting Antidiabetic

106
Q

insulin NPH

A

Intermediate-acting Antidiabetic

107
Q

insulin detemir

A

Long-acting Antidiabetic

108
Q

insulin glargine

A

Long-acting Antidiabetic

109
Q

Ultralente

A

insulin zinc suspension

110
Q

acarbose

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

111
Q

solfonylurea

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

112
Q

glyburide

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

113
Q

metformin

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

114
Q

pioglitazone

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

115
Q

repaglinide

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

116
Q

rosiglitazone

A

Oral antidiabetic drug

117
Q

Antihistamines (as a category)

A

Antihistamines are medicines often used to relieve symptoms of allergies, such as hay fever, hives, conjunctivitis and reactions to insect bites or stings. They’re also sometimes used to prevent motion sickness, to treat nausea or vomiting, and as a short-term treatment for insomnia.

118
Q

cetirizine

A

Antihistamine

119
Q

chlorpheniramine maleate

A

Antihistamine

120
Q

diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamine

121
Q

fexofenadine

A

Antihistamine

122
Q

loratadine

A

Antihistamine

123
Q

meclizine

A

Antihistamine

124
Q

promethazine

A

Antihistamine

125
Q

alendronate (bisphosphonate)

A

Antiosteoporosis drug

126
Q

ibandoronate sodium (bisphosphonate)

A

Antiosteoporosis drug

127
Q

What is a bisphosphonate?

A

A drug used to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis patients.

128
Q

What is a SERM?

A

Selective oEstrogen Receptor Modulators.

129
Q

What does a SERM do?

A

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are hormone therapies that manage how estrogen works in your body. SERMs are effective treatments for some types of breast cancer and osteoporosis.

130
Q

denosumab

A

Antiosteoporosis drug; this one is a monoclonal antibody against a protein that signals bone removal.

131
Q

teriparatide

A

Antiosteoporosis drug; this one is a hormone that stimulates bone formation.

132
Q

raloxifene

A

Selective oEstrogen Receptor Modulator (antiosteroprosis drug).

133
Q

tamoxifen

A

Selective oEstrogen Receptor Modulator (antiosteroprosis drug).

134
Q

What does “ACE” inhibitor stand for?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.

135
Q

What are ACE inhibitors?

A

(ACE) inhibitors are medicines that help relax the veins and arteries to lower blood pressure.

136
Q

enalapril maleate

A

ACE Inhibitor

137
Q

lisinopril

A

ACE Inhibitor

138
Q

quinapril

A

ACE Inhibitor

139
Q

ramipril

A

ACE Inhibitor

140
Q

What is an ARB?

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

141
Q

How does an ARB (Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker) work?

A

ARBs work by blocking receptors that the hormone acts on, specifically AT1 receptors, which are found in the heart, blood vessels and kidneys. Blocking the action of angiotensin II helps to lower blood pressure and prevent damage to the heart and kidneys.

142
Q

irbesartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

143
Q

losartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

144
Q

valsartan

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

145
Q

LCZ696

A

Also known as “valsartan,” LCZ696 is an Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker

146
Q

amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic drug

147
Q

ibutilide

A

Antiarrhythmic drug

148
Q

sotalol

A

Antiarrhythmic drug

149
Q

How does a Beta Blocker work?

A

Beta blockers are medicines that lower blood pressure. They also may be called beta-adrenergic blocking agents. The medicines block the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. Beta blockers cause the heart to beat more slowly and with less force.

150
Q

atenolol

A

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent (beta blocker)

151
Q

carvedilol

A

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent (beta blocker)

152
Q

metoprolol

A

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent (beta blocker)

153
Q

propanolol

A

Beta-adrenergic blocking agent (beta blocker)

154
Q

How does a calcium channel blocker work?

A

Calcium channel blockers are medicines used to lower blood pressure. They stop calcium from entering the cells of the heart and arteries. Calcium causes the heart and arteries to squeeze more strongly. By blocking calcium, calcium channel blockers allow blood vessels to relax and open.

155
Q

amlodipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

156
Q

amlodipine besylate

A

Calcium channel blocker

157
Q

Diltiazem

A

Calcium channel blocker

158
Q

nifedipine

A

Calcium channel blocker

159
Q

How does a cardiac glycoside blocker work?

A

Cardiac glycosides work by inhibiting cell membranes from pumping sodium out. This increases the amount of sodium that stays in your cells. This allows more calcium to build up in the cells. When your cells release the calcium, it creates stronger heart muscle contractions.

160
Q

digoxin

A

Cardiac Glycoside

161
Q

cholestryamine

A

Cholesterol-binding drug / Resin

162
Q

What is the difference between cholesterol-binding and cholesterol-lowering drugs?

A

Ch-binding drugs (Resins) bind to dietary cholesterol and prevent its uptake from the GI tract. Ch-lowering drugs (statins) lower cholesterol by reducing its production in the liver.

163
Q

What is a Resin?

A

Cholesterol binding drug.

164
Q

What is a Statin?

A

Cholesterol-lowering drug.

165
Q

atorvastatin

A

Cholesterol-lowering drug / Statin

166
Q

pravastatin

A

Cholesterol-lowering drug / Statin

167
Q

rosuvastatin

A

Cholesterol-lowering drug / Statin

168
Q

simvastatin

A

Cholesterol-lowering drug / Statin

169
Q

What is a diuretic?

A

Most diuretics help the kidneys remove salt and water through the urine. This lowers the amount of fluid flowing through the veins and arteries. As a result, blood pressure goes down.

170
Q

bumetanide

A

Diuretic

171
Q

furosemide

A

Diuretic

172
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Diuretic

173
Q

spironalactone

A

Diuretic

174
Q

triamterene

A

Diuretic

175
Q

What is an androgen?

A

Androgens are the group of male sex hormones that give men their ‘male’ characteristics (collectively called virilisation). The major sex hormone in men is testosterone, which is produced mainly in the testes and adrenal glands.

176
Q

fluoxymesterone

A

Androgen

177
Q

fluoxymesterone

A

Androgen

178
Q

methyltestosterone

A

Androgen

179
Q

What is an antiandrogen?

A

Antiandrogens interfere with the production of androgens OR with their binding in tissues. They can be prescribed for prostate cancer.

180
Q

abiraterone

A

Antiandrogen

181
Q

abiraterone

A

Antiandrogen

182
Q

enzalutamide

A

Antiandrogen

183
Q

flutamide

A

Antiandrogen

184
Q

goserelin

A

Antiandrogen

185
Q

leuprolide

A

Antiandrogen

186
Q

nilutamide

A

Antiandrogen

187
Q

What is an aromatase inhibitor?

A

Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) lower estrogen levels by stopping an enzyme in fat tissue (called aromatase) from changing other hormones into estrogen. Estrogen can fuel the growth of breast cancer cells. These drugs don’t stop the ovaries from making estrogen, however.

188
Q

anastrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor (AI)

189
Q

exemestane

A

Aromatase inhibitor (AI)

190
Q

fulvestrant

A

Aromatase inhibitor (AI)

191
Q

letrozole

A

Aromatase inhibitor (AI)

192
Q

What are glucocorticoids?

A

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced from the cortex of adrenal glands. They are prescribed for reduction of inflammation and a wide range of disorders, including arthritis, severe skin, and allergic conditions.

193
Q

dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid

194
Q

hydrocortisone

A

Glucocorticoid

195
Q

prednisone

A

Glucocorticoid

196
Q

triamcinolone

A

Glucocorticoid

197
Q

ocretotide

A

Sandostatin; growth hormone release inhibiting factor drug

198
Q

teriparatide

A

Parathroid hormone fragment

199
Q

What is progestin?

A

Progestins help other hormones start and stop the menstrual cycle. To help a pregnancy occur during egg donor or infertility procedures in women who do not produce enough progesterone. Also, progesterone is given to help maintain a pregnancy when not enough of it is made by the body.

200
Q

medroxyprogesterone acetate

A

Progestin

201
Q

megestrol

A

Progestin

202
Q

caltcitonin

A

Thyroid hormone

203
Q

levothryoxine

A

Thyroid hormone

204
Q

liothyronine

A

Thyroid hormone

205
Q

t______ ISP (t______ immunoreactive substance P)

A

thyroid ISP (thyroid immunoreactive substance P); Thyroid hormone

206
Q

aluminium and magnesium tablet

A

Antacid

207
Q

magnesium - Milk of Magnesia

A

magnesium antacid

208
Q

Rolaids - aluminium

A

aluminium antacid

209
Q

diphenoxylate + atropine

A

Antidiarrhoeal

210
Q

loperamide

A

Antidiarrhoeal

211
Q

metaclopramide

A

Antinauseant / antiemetic

212
Q

ondansetron

A

Antinauseant / antiemetic

213
Q

promethazine

A

Antinauseant / antiemetic

214
Q

prochlorperazine maleate

A

Antinauseant / antiemetic

215
Q

What does anti-“TNF” drugs stand for?

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug.

216
Q

What do anti-TNF drugs do?

A

Stop inflammation. They’re used to treat diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), juvenile arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, plaque psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease. They’re also called TNF blockers, biologic therapies, or anti-TNF drugs.

217
Q

cimetidine

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

218
Q

esomeprazole

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

219
Q

famotidine

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

220
Q

lansoprazole

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

221
Q

omeprazole

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

222
Q

rantidine

A

Anti-tumour necrosis factor drug

223
Q

What is a cathartic drug?

A

A drug that relieves constipation and promotes defecation for diagnostic and operative procedures.

224
Q

casanthranol + docusate sodium

A

A drug that relieves constipation and promotes defecation for diagnostic and operative procedures.

225
Q

albuterol

A

Bronchodilator

226
Q

formoterol + budesonide

A

Bronchodilator

227
Q

ipratropium + albuterol

A

Bronchodilator

228
Q

salmeterol + fluticasone

A

Bronchodilator

229
Q

tiotropium bromide

A

Bronchodilator

230
Q

What is a leukotriene modifier / antileukotriene?

A

Leukotriene modifiers, also called leukotriene receptor antagonists or leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, are medications that block the effect of leukotrienes or stop your body from producing them. Leukotrienes also have a powerful effect in bronchoconstriction and increase vascular permeability.

231
Q

montelukast

A

Leukotriene modifier / leukotriene receptor antagonist

232
Q

zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene modifier / leukotriene receptor antagonist

233
Q

zileuton

A

Leukotriene modifier / leukotriene receptor antagonist

234
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled steroid

235
Q

mometasone

A

Inhaled steroid

236
Q

methylprednisolone

A

Intravenous/oral steroid

237
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Intravenous/oral steroid

238
Q

prednisone

A

Intravenous/oral steroid

239
Q

caffeine

A

Stimulant

240
Q

dextroamphetimine sulfate

A

Stimulant

241
Q

dextroamphetamine and amphetamine

A

Stimulant

242
Q

lisdexamfetamine

A

Stimulant

243
Q

methylphenidate

A

Stimulant

244
Q

modafinil

A

Stimulant

245
Q

alprazolam

A

Minor tranquiliser

246
Q

Buspirone

A

Minor tranquiliser

247
Q

diazepam

A

Minor tranquiliser

248
Q

lorazepam

A

Minor tranquiliser

249
Q

arpiprazole

A

Major tranquiliser

250
Q

chlorpromazine

A

Major tranquiliser

251
Q

haloperidol

A

Major tranquiliser

252
Q

lithium carbonate

A

Major tranquiliser

253
Q

olanzapine

A

Major tranquiliser

254
Q

risperadone

A

Major tranquiliser

255
Q

thiordazine

A

Major tranquiliser

256
Q

trifloperazine

A

Major tranquiliser

Reinforcing Medical Terms (4 decks)

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