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DMD 5246- Integrated Systems/ Disease and Wellness 1 > Musculoskeletal Pathology - Bikman > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Pathology - Bikman Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the differences between osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes

A

Osteoblasts- creates bone matrix and signals osteoclasts
Osteoclasts- degrades bone
Osteocytes- embedded osteoblasts

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2
Q

What is the ligand that activates osteoclasts?

A

RANK

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3
Q

What regulates RANK?

A

Osteoprotegerin (OPG)

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4
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

A 
Congenital Disease 
Many types based on collagen
Blue Sclera
Dentinogenesis imperfecta 
Multiple fractures 
Hearing loss
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5
Q

Achondroplasia

A

Congenital Disease
Dwarfism
Affects the long bones
Autosomal dominant

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6
Q

Osteopetrosis

A 
Congenital Disease
"stone bone" 
Bone cannot be reabsorbed 
Dense, but brittle bones 
Autosomal recessive and dominant 
Delayed erruption of teeth
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7
Q

Fiberous Dysplasia

A

Congenital Disease
Replacing bone with soft tissue
Three types: monostotic, polystotic, McCune-Albright Syndrome

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8
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Acquired Disorder
Loss of bone, but same ratio of minerals
Primary- from age
Secondary- from everything else

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9
Q

Paget Disease

A

Acquired Disorder
Random excess bone formation
Can cause osteosarcoma, heart disease, deafness or blindness

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10
Q

Ricketts / Osteomalacia

A 
Acquired Disorder
Deficiency in Vitamin D
Ricketts- young
Osteomalacia- older 
Weak tooth enamel; higher risk for caries
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11
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Acquired Disorder
Primary- excess secretion of PTH from one or more parathyroid glands
Secondary- increase of PTH from a chronic disease
Can get loss of lamina dura

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12
Q

Scurvy

A

Acquired Disorder
Too little vitamin C
Leads to impaired osteoid matrix formation
Manifestations include- osteoporosis, bleeding gums, subperiosteal hemmorraging (bleeding in bone)

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13
Q

Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis

A

Acquired Disorder
Birbeck granules
Cause bone lesions

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14
Q

Describe the repair process of a fracture

A

Blood vessel rupture
Platelet clotting
Bone progenitor cells cover fractured site

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15
Q

Osteonecrosis

A 
From ischemia (lack of blood and oxygen) 
Not from infection
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16
Q

Bisphosphonate-associated necrosis (BON)

A

Comes from after a patient has taken Bisphosphonate for osteoporosis
Can interfere with formation of bone after surgery or injury
Can get phossy jaw

17
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

2 Types: pyogenic and tuberculous
Pyogenic- caused by bacteria infections
Tuberculous- caused by tuberculosis and affects the long bones and vertebrae

18
Q

What are the routes of spreading of osteomyelitis?

A

Hematogenous dissemination
Contiguous infection spread
Traumatic implantation

19
Q

Osteoma

A

Benign Bone forming tumor
Affects the face
Older people
Normal bone

20
Q

Osteoid Osteoma

A

Benign Bone forming tumor
Metaphysis of the femur and tibia
Woven bone
Younger people

21
Q

Osteoblastoma

A

Benign Bone forming tumor
Like osteoid osteoma
Vertebrae
Younger people

22
Q

Primary osteosarcoma

A

Malignant Bone forming tumor
Usually affects the femur
Younger people
“Sunburst pattern” on radiograph

23
Q

Secondary osteosarcoma

A

Malignant Bone forming tumor

Femur, humerus, pelvis

24
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Benign Cartilage forming tumor
10-30 years of age
Bone and cartilage as a cup

25
Q

Enchondroma

A

Benign Cartilage forming tumor
30-50 years of age
Small bones of the hands and feet

26
Q

Chondrosarcoma

A

Malignant Cartilage forming tumor
Older people
Affects pelvis, humerus, femur

27
Q

Osteoarthritis

A 
Degradation of the cartilage 
Most common joint disorder
Affects older people
Primary- age
Secondary- younger people with no reason
28
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Destruction of articular cartilage and underlying bone
More common in women
Bilateral
Likely a combo of genetics and environment
Type 4 autoimmune disease

29
Q

Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies

A

Inflammation of ligaments

HLA associated

30
Q

Gout

A

From urate crystal formation because of supersaturated fluids
Primary- absence without any other disease
Secondary- occurs along with another disease

31
Q

Suppurative Arthritis

A

Acquired from S. aureus in adults or haemaphilus influenza in kids
pyogenic fluid in joints

32
Q

Lyme Arthritis

A

From Borrelia

33
Q

Ganglion cysts

A

Fluid filled usually near the wrist

“Bible therapy”

34
Q

Synovial cysts

A

Herniation of synovium though a joint capsule

Needs surgery

35
Q

Lipoma

A

Benign Fat forming tumor

most common soft tissue tumor

36
Q

Liposarcoma

A

Malignant fat forming tumor
Prognosis depends on differentiation
Affects older people

DMD 5246- Integrated Systems/ Disease and Wellness 1 (2 decks)

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