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DMD 5246- Integrated Systems/ Disease and Wellness 1 > Muscle Physiology - Winden > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology - Winden Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of skeletal muscle?

A

Provides movement, generates heat, stores nutrient reserves, supports soft tissues, maintain posture and body position, guards entrances and exits

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2
Q

What are the three different types of CT associated with skeletal muscle?

A

epimysium
perimysium
endomysium

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3
Q

What does epimysium cover?

A

Covers the entire muscle

Connects to the deep fascia

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4
Q

What does the perimysium cover?

A

Covers the fascicle

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5
Q

What does the endomysium cover?

A

Covers the muscle fiber

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6
Q

Describe the difference between a tendon and a aponeurosis

A

Tendon is the extensions of all the CT from the muscle that is attached to the bone

Aponeurosis is a sheet of the CT extension (ie. on the head)

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7
Q

What are characteristics of skeletal muscle?

A 
Voluntary
Striated
Multinucleated 
Long and can be large 
Develop from the fusion of myoblasts
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8
Q

Name from smallest to largest the units of skeletal muscle

A

Myofilament, myofibril, myofiber, fascicle, muscle

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9
Q

What is the triad consist of?

A

Two terminal cisternae and T-tubule

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10
Q

What is distinct about the A band?

A

Length of the thick filament (dark)

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11
Q

What is distinct about the I band?

A

Length between the ends of each thick filament (light)

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12
Q

What is distinct about the M line?

A

Middle of the sarcomere and the center of the A band

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13
Q

What is distinct about the H band?

A

The area of ONLY thick filaments

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14
Q

What is distinct about the Z lines?

A

The center of the I band

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15
Q

What is nebulin?

A

In the thin filament

Holds the two strands of F-actin together

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16
Q

What is tropomysosin?

A

Two strands that block the active sites on the globular actin

17
Q

What is troponin?

A

Moves tropomyosin when binding with Ca

18
Q

What is titin?

A

Recoils myosin after contraction

19
Q

What are the components of myosin?

A

Head and Neck

Has active sites for both actin and ATP

20
Q

What is the sliding filament theory

A

Thin filaments move toward the M line
Width of the A band stays the same
Z lines move closer together

21
Q

What does contraction duration depend on?

A

Duration of neural stimulus
Amount of Ca
Avaliability of ATP

22
Q

What occurs with rigor mortis?

A

After a body has died, there is no ATP but abundant Ca

Cannot rest muscles

23
Q

Twitches have 3 phases:

What are they?

A

latent- Ca release
contraction- Ca binding
relaxation - Ca decrease

24
Q

What is Treppe?

A

Repeated stimulation right after relaxation

25
Q

What is Wave?

A

Stimuli arrives before relaxation has completed

26
Q

What is Tetanus and the two types?

A

Repeated stimuli with little or no relaxation

Incomplete- little relaxation
Complete- no relaxation

27
Q

What does skeletal muscle tension depend on?

A

internal and external tension

total number of muscle fibers

28
Q

What is a motor unit?

A

All the muscle fibers that are controlled by a single neuron

29
Q

What would you do to get a smooth contraction?

A

Recruitment

30
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The firmness and tension of the muscle fiber at rest

31
Q

What is the difference between isotonic and isometric contraction?

A

Isotonic (same tension)- muscle changes length

Isometric (same measure)- changes in tension but not in length

32
Q

What is the difference between concentric and eccentric movement?

A

concentric- tension is larger than the load and muscle lengthens
eccentric- tension is less than the load and the muscle shortens

33
Q

What is the difference between slow and fast fibers?

A

Slow fibers- are red aerobic fibers that are slow to contract and slow to fatigue; contain lots of myoglobin and mitochondria
Fast fibers are white anaerobic fibers that are fast to contract and fast to fatigue

DMD 5246- Integrated Systems/ Disease and Wellness 1 (2 decks)

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