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Orthopathology > Musculoskeletal Neoplasms > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Neoplasms Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Neoplasm?

A

New Growth

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2
Q

Definition of Tumor?

A

Abnormal mass of tissue

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3
Q

Types of Tumors?

A
  1. Benign

2. Malignant

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4
Q

Definition of Benign?

A

Have no risk of Metastasis (Spreading)

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5
Q

Definition of Malignant?

A

May Metastasize (spread) and are potentially lethal

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6
Q

Definition of Metastatic Cancers?

A

Term reserved for tumors that are form solid tissues and not from blood origin

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7
Q

Types of Metastatic Cancers? (2)

A

Leukemia

Myeloma

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8
Q

Adenocarcinmo:
Sarcoma:
Lymphoma:

A

Adenocarcinoma: Glandular Growth Patterns
Sarcoma: Mesenchymal Elements
Lymphomas: Lymphoid cells

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9
Q

Patients with musculo-skeletal tumors present usually with one or more of the following … (5)

A
  1. Soft Tissue Mass
  2. Bony Mass
  3. Pain
  4. Pathological Fracture
  5. Incidental findings
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10
Q

When analyzing the region of possible cancer growth, what are things you should look for?

A 
Swelling
Abnormal Palpations
Abnormal Variance
Distal Neurovascular Function 
Patients Physical Appearance 
Infection
Brusing
Cachexia
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11
Q

If the immune system is impaired, we would expect to find?

A

An Infection

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12
Q

Bruising in cancer patients usually is from …

A

Decreased platelet production

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13
Q

This syndrome is characterized by weight loss, anemia, weakness, and early satiety (feeling of fullness)

A

Cachexia

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14
Q

A System for describing the extent of cancer in the patient’s body.

A

TNM Staging System

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15
Q

What does TNM stand for?

A

T: Describes the size of the TUMOR and whether it has invaded nearby tissues
N: Describes any lymph NODES that are involved
M: Describes METASTASIS (spread of cancer from one body part to another)

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16
Q

This is termed as a Bone Lesion.

A

Osteoid Osteoma

17
Q

Patients who are more prevalent to Osteoid Osteoma range from? (AGE)

A

10-19

18
Q

What type of presentation might one see with Osteoid Osteoma?

A

Constant Dull Pain

Worse At Night

19
Q

For Osteoid Osteoma, what does a Radiological Examination show?

A

Presence of Radiolucent nidus surrounded by well defined oval lesions.

20
Q

For Patients with Osteoid Osteoma, what is a good test for helping making a proper diagnosis?

A

DEXA Scan

21
Q

Osteoid Osteoma: best visualization of this type of Lesion ___________
Not as good a tool in defining this type of lesion __________

A

CT Scan (Yes)

MRI (NO)

22
Q

In Osteoid Osteoma, the bone is well __________ and _______ are present

A

Vascularized

Osteoclast Present

23
Q

Treatment for Osteoid Osteoma:
Will resolve without treatment on average of ______
Can use _______ meds until lesion burns out
Surgical excision if patient does not want to endure pain and discomfort
2 Methods _______ & _______

A

33 Months

Anti Inflammatory

Curettage (Cut Out)
Ablation (Destroy Tumor without removing it

24
Q

This is overgrowth of plasma cells int eh bone marrow that can crowd out the normal blood-forming cells.

A

Multiple Myeloma

25
Q

Multiple myeloma can cause ______ -a shortage of red blood cells

A

Anemia

26
Q

Symptoms of Anemia?

A

Pale, Weak, and fatigued

27
Q

Multiple Myeloma is a progressive _______ disease

A

Blood

28
Q

This is the most common primary cancer of bone in adults

A

Multiple Myeloma

29
Q

Which race is most likely to get Multiple Myeloma?

A

Afro-American

30
Q

Who is Multiple Myeloma Rare in?

A

Asians

31
Q

Multiple Myeloma is Unclear, no evidence of hereditary basis, and is only predicted if one is…

A

Exposed to radiation, petroleum industry, and pesticides

32
Q

Multiple Myeloma clinically presents in a vast majority of patients over ____

A

40 years

33
Q

Multiple Myeloma clinically presents with what symptoms?

A 
Fever
Renal Dysfunction
Generalized Malaise 
Nausea
Fatigue
34
Q

Myeloma can be diagnosed in Blood/urine with high levels of ______

A

Protein

35
Q

Myeloma can be diagnosed in the blood with high levels of ______ & ______

A

Calcium and Protein

36
Q

Multiple Myeloma radiological findings show what?

A

Punched out lesions and bone destruction with little or no reactive bone formation

37
Q

Multiple Myeloma lesions are best seen in the _______ of the body

A

Skull

38
Q

Is Multiple Myeolma Curable?

A

No

Orthopathology (5 decks)

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