Musculoskeletal joint classifications Flashcards
the 5 components of synovial joints
- hyaline articular cartilage
- joint capsule
- joint cavity
- synovial membrane
- ligaments
function of joint cavity
potential space which allows free movement
function of synovial membrane
secretes synovial fluid that fills the cavity:
-space for nutrients for cartilage
-fluid allows frictionless movement
definition of subchondral bone
smooth area on the bone for the cartilage to allow smooth movement between bones
structure of joint capsule
outer layer consists of DFCT and inner layer is the synovial membrane
can be thicker and tighter for more support (restricts movement) or thinner and looser for more movement
function of joint capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
- lubrication of joint
- supplies nutrients to avascular structures
- holds bones together
2 collateral ligaments of the knee
(capsular ligaments)
- medial collateral ligament (MCL)
- connects femur to tibia
- restricts abduction of knee - lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
- connects femur to fibula
- restricts adduction of knee
2 cruciate ligaments of the knee
(intracapsular ligaments)
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
- anterior of tibia to posterior of femur
- restricts posterior displacement of femur - posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- posterior of tibia to anterior of femur
- restricts anterior displacement of femur
what are fibrocartilage pads with example
small structures made of fibrocartilage for example menisci which are half moon shaped structures that sit between femur and tibia
function of fibrocartilage pads
- fills space
- provide cushioning (shock absorption)
- deepens articulation
4 factors that influence range of movement
- bone end shape
- ligament location and length
- body surface contact
- muscles
7 types of synovial joints
- plane joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- condylar joint
- ellipsoid joint
- saddle joint
- ball and socket joint
plane joint
- multi axial
- sliding and gliding movement
- flat articular surfaces
eg: intercarpal and intertarsal joints
hinge joint
- uniaxial
- flexion and extension
eg: ankle and elbow
pivot joint
- uniaxial
- rotation
eg: radioulnar joints and c1 & c2 vertebrae
condylar joint
- biaxial
- flexion, extension and rotation when flexed (knee)
eg: temporomandibular joint
ellipsoid joint
- biaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
eg: radiocarpal joint ( wrist)
saddle joint
- biaxial (and more)
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- obligatory rotation (touch finger tips)
eg: carpometacarpal joint (thumb)
ball and socket joint
- multiaxial
- flexion and extension
- abduction and adduction
- circumduction
- rotation
eg: shoulder and hip
