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radiology 1 quizlet > musculoskeletal infections & TB > Flashcards

musculoskeletal infections & TB Flashcards

1
Q

infection of skin, subcutaneous, fat, or connective tissue (soft tissue infection)

A

cellulitis

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2
Q

infection of bone (marrow spaces)

A

osteomyelitis

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3
Q

infection of joint (synovial tissue, articular surfaces)

A

septic arthritis

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4
Q

group of people prone to infections by unusual organisms at unusual sites

A

drug addicts

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5
Q

most common organism for musculoskeletal infections

A

staph. aureus

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6
Q

most common route of dissemination for musculoskeletal infections

A

hematogenous

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7
Q

growth plates inhibit what route of dissemination

A

hematogenous.

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8
Q

most common locations for musculoskeletal infections

A

knee, hip, ankle (distal tibia), shoulder, spine

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9
Q

two major categories of musculoskeletal infection

A

suppurative (pus, staph.), non-suppurative (TB)

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10
Q

bone marrow infectino by pyogenic non-TB organism

A

suppurative osteomyelitis

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11
Q

clinical features of acute infection

A

edema, lymphadenopathy, warm skin, cellulitis, joint pain

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12
Q

4 radiographic stages of infection

A

latent stage (1-10 days), early stage (days 10-21), middle stage (weeks), late stage (months)

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13
Q

symptoms of early stage infection

A

soft tissue swelling, displaced lucent fat planes that become mass like, osteopenia

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14
Q

characteristics of middle stage infection

A

permeative or lytic moth-eaten destruction and periosteal response; solid, laminated, codman’s trianlge

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15
Q

characteristics of late stage infection

A

cortical destruction, draining sinus, involucrum, cloaca, sequestrum, sclerosis, debris, loss of joint space, ankylosis, chrinoic imcomplete resolution, immune deficient

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16
Q

chalky, white area representing isolated dead bone; cortical and medullar infarcts

A

sequestrum

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17
Q

chronic periosteal response. pus lifts the periosteum and causes new one formation that tries to wall off the infection.

A

involocrum

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18
Q

bony collar

A

involocrum

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19
Q

draining sinus, more common with chronic disease

A

cloaca

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20
Q

a rare complication of cloaca is to develop a squamous cell carcinoma with malignant transformation has been called

A

marjolin’s ulcer

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21
Q

localized, aborted form of suppurative osteomyelitis that has localized pain worse at night and relived by aspirin

A

brodie’s abscess formation

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22
Q

mimics osteoid osteoma. located in the distal tibia.

A

brodie’s abcess

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23
Q

chronic osteomyelitis and reactive sclerosis

A

brodie’s abcess

24
Q

respects growth plates/fascial plane

A

tumor

25
Q

does not respect growth plate or joint spaces

A

infection

26
Q

prognosis of infection

A

much better detection and treatment today, absolutely require antibiotic management

27
Q

infection of vertebral body

A

spondylitis

28
Q

risk factors for osteoporosis

A

female, older than 70, caucasian or asian, early onset of menopause, longer postmenopausal interval, inactivity, especially lack of weight bearing exercise

29
Q

modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis

A

smoking, alcohol abuse, excessive caffeine consumption, excessive dietary protein consumption, lack of dietary calcium, lack of sunlight exposure (to generate endogenous vit D)

30
Q

what is the tear drop distance normally

A

9 - 11 mm

31
Q

what are the hip fat planes

A

gluteus medius, obturator internus, iliopsoas

32
Q

early radiographic features of spine infection

A

rapid loss in disc space, endplate destruction

33
Q

upper limit size of the retro-tracheal interspace (RTI)

A

22mm

34
Q

upper limit size of the retro-pharyngeal interspace (RPI)

A

7mm

35
Q

water is white on which film

A

T2 weighted MRI

36
Q

fat is white on which flim

A

T1 weighted MRI

37
Q

most common cause of suppurative osteomyelitis

A

staph. aureus

38
Q

TRUE or FALSE: both infections and tumors respect epiphyseal growth plates

A

FALSE: tumors respect the boundary but infections do not

39
Q

disc space loss with endplate destruction is a classic example of

A

spine infection

40
Q

what are examples of risk groups for bone infection

A

immunosupressed, diabetic, post surgical, vascular insufficiency, sickle celll anemia, IV drug users

41
Q

some organisms that cause bone infection and the most common

A

STAPH. AUREUS (90%), mycobacterium TB, neisseria gonorrhea, pseudomonas, fungus, strep. Pyogenes

42
Q

what are some modes of infection

A

trauma/post surgical, UTI, pneumonia, skin infections, open wound or cellulitis, heel sticks in infants

43
Q

routes of dissemination for bone infection including the most common

A

HEMATOGENOUS (MC), direct extension, direct implantation, postoperative

44
Q

growth plates inhibit which type of dissemination/spread

A

hematogenous; children are affected less than adults or infants

45
Q

a study done that is sensitive to metabolic activity and increased vascular supply

A

bone scan

46
Q

what is the most important diagnosis to consider when a patient presents with unilateral sacroilitis

A

infection

47
Q

what exam is needed if there is loss in disc space and endplate destruction

A

think infection so; MRI

48
Q

what are some osteomyelitis findings on an MRI

A

decreased signal intensity on T1, increased signal intensity on T2

49
Q

most common cause of infection-related death world wide

A

TB

50
Q

most common type of TB

A

secondary

51
Q

most common location of TB in the spine

A

TL junction

52
Q

first radiographic finding of TB in an adult

A

earliest - anterior disc space narrowing.

53
Q

phemster’s triad is indicative of

A

TB septic arthritis

54
Q

phemster’s triad

A

juxtarticular osteoporosis, marginal erosions, slow joint space loss

55
Q

type of TB found in the spine, involving multiple levels with paraspinal cold abcesses, has slower progression of joint destruction, and has a poorer response to therapy

A

non-suppurative; as opposed to suppurative

56
Q

kyphotic angulation associated with TB

A

gibbus formation

57
Q

TB associated with the spine

A

pott’s disease

radiology 1 quizlet (3 decks)

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