Musculoskeletal health Flashcards
how many bones do humans have?
206, axial and appendicular
functions of bone
support protection movement hematopoiesis tg storage mineral storage
what is the structure of bone?
trabecular: 20% skeletal mass, shock absorption
cortical: 80% of skeletal mass, load bearing
mineralized protein matrix
what is bone homeostasis a product of?
balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts
when is peak bone mass reached?
after pubertal growth spurt
what percent of bone is recycled each week?
5-7%
When does osteoporosis develop?
when bone resorption outpaces formation
osteoclast activity is increased, lack of estrogen and poor nutrion
bones become very fragile
trabecular bone of spine is most vulnerable
who is osteoporosis most common in?
post-menopausal women
american women, white, non hispanic wmoen
cost of osteoporosis
severe disability, 13,387 per fracture, 12.2-17.9 billion each year
Vitamin D:
d2 and d3, both a hormone and a nutrient, synthesized endogenously, time of day, season, latitude, melanin
In what foods does vit d occur naturaly
phytoplankton, yeast, fungi, oily fish, egg yolk, cod liver
milk is voluntarily fortified
how is vit d absorbed?
fat soluble, vitamin d is transported by chylomicrons
vitamin d toxicity is difficult to achieve
vitamin d deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia, cvd mortality, immune response, neurological diseases
increased adiposity associated with low vitamin d
children- rickets
