Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PCM2 > Musculoskeletal Exam > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

List the 10 steps of the shoulder exam (PCM 2 checklist).

A

Superficial anatomy

  1. Greater tuberosity
  2. Clavicle
  3. Acromioclavicular joint (AC joint)

ROM

  1. Abduction
  2. Internal rotation
  3. External rotation

Specific maneuvers

  1. Hawkins’ - Kennedy
  2. Speed’s
  3. Apprehension sign
  4. Internal rotators (lift-off-test)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the Hawkins’-Kennedy maneuver. What does it test?

A

Tests for rotator cuff impingement
The patient is seated.
Flex the elbow/shoulder passively to 90 degrees.
Internally rotate the patient’s arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Speed’s test. What does it test?

A

Tests the biceps tendon
The patient is standing with arms supinated and flexed (like holding a big tray).
Push down on the patient’s arms - they resist.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the apprehension sign for the shoulder. What does it test?

A

Tests for shoulder dislocation
The patient is supine, near the edge of the bed.
Externally rotate the patient’s arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the lift-off-test. What does it test?

A 
Internal rotators (subscapularis)
The patient is standing with shoulders externally rotated. 
Press against the patient's hands - they resist.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List the 10 steps of the spine/hip exam (PCM 2 checklist).

A

Functional exam
1. Trendelenburg gait

Superficial anatomy

  1. Spinous processes
  2. Sacroiliac joints (find PSIS, 2 cm lateral)
  3. Greater trochanter

ROM

  1. Flexion (lumbar spine) - sagital plane
  2. Lateral rotation (lumbar spine) - transverse plane [good to do seated]
  3. Hip internal rotation - supine, knee moves in
  4. Hip external rotation - supine, knee moves out

Specific maneuvers

  1. Straight Leg Raise
  2. Seated Slump Test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes a Trendelenburg gait?

A

Weak abductors/hip pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the Straight Leg Raise. What does it test?

A

Tests presenting pain (lumbar source)
Patient is supine.
Flex hip (totally passive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the Seated Slump test. What does it test?

A

Tests presenting pain (lumbar source)
Patient is seated and slumped.
Extend knee completely and then dorsiflex the foot.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 10 steps of the knee exam (PCM 2 checklist).

A
  1. Alignment (varus, valgus, or neutral)

Superficial anatomy

  1. Patellar tendon
  2. Tibial tubercle
  3. Joint line

ROM
5. Extension (passive)

Specific maneuvers

  1. Valgus stress
  2. Varus stress
  3. Posterior drawer
  4. Lachman’s
  5. Patellar apprehension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Valgus stress test on the knee. What does it test?

A

Tests the Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)

Patient is supine (can have knee flexed to ~30 degrees)
Push knee medially, stabilize distal leg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the Varus stress test on the knee. What does it test?

A

Tests the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

Patient is supine (can have knee flexed to ~30 degrees)
Push knee laterally, stabilize distal leg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Posterior Drawer test on the knee. What does it test?

A

Tests Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

Patient is supine with hip and knee flexed.
Sit on the patients foot.
Hook fingers behind the tibial plateau and push.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe Lachman’s test. What does it test?

A

Tests Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

Patient is supine with the knee flexed to ~30 degrees.
Place right hand on tibia, thumb near tibial tuberosity.
Pull right hand toward self.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the patellar apprehension test. What does it test?

A

Tests Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (MPFL)

Patient is supine with knee extended (30 degrees of flexion?) and relaxed.
Push patella laterally.

Positive if quadriceps contract
(+/-) Patient appears apprehensive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the 10 steps of the foot/ankle exam (PCM 2 checklist).

A

Functional evaluation
1. Gait, foot alignment, or heel raise (any functional assessment)

Superficial anatomy

  1. Lateral Malleolus
  2. Medial Malleolus
  3. Achilles Tendon
  4. Plantar Fascia (dorsiflex ankle and big toe to feel the medial border)

ROM

  1. Inversion (toes in)
  2. Plantar flexion

Specific maneuvers

  1. Thompson’s test
  2. Anterior drawer
  3. Talar tilt
17
Q

Describe Thompson’s test. What does it test?

A

Tests Achilles tendon (rupture)

Patient is prone with knees straight or flexed 90 degrees.
Foot and ankle are free and relaxed.
Squeeze the calf.

Positive if there is no plantarflexion.

18
Q

Describe the anterior drawer test (foot/ankle). What does it test?

A

Tests anterior talofibular ligament laxity

Patient is seated with foot and ankle relaxed (plantar flexed)
Pull foot by the heel anteriorly.

19
Q

Describe the talar tilt. What does it test?

A

Tests calcaneofibular ligament laxity

Invert patient’s ankle.

PCM2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions