Musculoskeletal Diseases Flashcards
Calcitonin is secreted by the ____.
thryoid
_____ decreases bone resorption by suppressing osteoclast activity.
Calcitonin
Parathyroid hormone regulates blood level of ___.
Calcium
How does parathyroid hormone influence blood levels of Ca?
osteoclastic activity to release CA form bone’
resorption of Ca from kidney
resorption of phosphate
Peak bone mass occurs at ages __-__.
20-40
The degree of bone mineralization is called:
bone density
increased resorption of bone due to inc. osteoclastic activity occurs at ages __-__.
40-70
Rapid decrease in bone mass occurs with menopause. __% per year for 5 years initially, and __% later.
3%
0.3%
Too little bone
osteopenia
Too little bone mass
osteoporosis
Too little bone mineralization
osteomalacia
What is the biggest reason alcoholism leads to bony changes?
malabsorption of nutrients
Osteoporosis risk factors
post-menapause low BMI smokers family hx caucasian/asian > african american
What is a T-score?
normal value for a young adult female
What is a Z score?
value for your age range
What is the T score classification for osteopenia?
-1 to -2.5 SD from average
What is the T score classification for osteoporosis?
-2.5 or more SD from average
When do you begin to see changes on Xray?
> 30% bone mass lost
Senile osteoporosis age and gender incidence:
7th/8th decades
men = women
Clinical features of senile osteoporosis?
dowagers hump, exaggerated rib, pubic rami fx
Intervention/prevention Ca recommendations:
adults > 50 yrs 1200
adults < 50 yrs 1000 mg
*dairy, green, veggies
Intervention/prevention D3 recommendations:
adults > 50 yrs 800-1000
adults < 50 yrs 400-800
*egg yolks, fortified milk, saltwater fish
Bisphosonate examples:
fosamaz, actonel, boniva, reclast
Osteoporosis medication examples:
bisphophonates calcitonin hormone replacement evista parathyroid hormone
PT considerations for osteoporosis?
WB exercises
Posture
Fall prevention
Bracing to resist flexion (post vertebral fx)
Which fractures are most likely in osteoporosis?
Wrist
hip
vertebral
Childhood osteomalacia is known as:
rickets
What is a looser zone?
wide linear lucent in the cortex of a long bone
finding in osteomalacia.. at risk for fx
Paget disease age and gender incidence:
male = female
50 years
Paget disease is characterized by:
unorganized bony formation that can lead to:
thickened skull, tibial bowing, nerve compression, varus deformity, flexed posture
Biggest issue for children with osteomalacia:
affects endochondral growth plates
Biggest issue for adults with osteomalacia:
Ca does not get deposited in new bone
What is osteomalacia?
inadequate mineralization of bone, systemic vitamin D deficiency
