Musculoskeletal Disease Flashcards
Respectively, what percentage of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium do the bones contain?
99; 85; 65
What is the term used to describe the activity of “making blood cells”?
Hematopoietic
Where are blood cells and platelets made?
In the bone marrow
What type of bone supports the ends of weight bearing bones?
Spongy (trabecular; cancellous)
What is the purpose of compact (cortical; solid) bone?
To form shaft on outside of long bone
Which type of bone cells are responsible for bone formation and lining?
Osteoblasts
What do osteclasts do?
Reabsorb and dissolve bone; release calcium into the blood
Which type of bone cells maintain the overall bone by transporting metabolites, cell communication and regulate mineral balance?
Osteocytes
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts?
Parathyroid
Which type of bone cells are stimulated by the thyroid hormone?
Osteoblasts
Which hormone suppresses osteclast activity?
Sex hormones (estrogen)
What does Wolff’s Law state?
Bone is laid down where it is needed and reabsorbed where it is not needed
What is the concept behind minimal essential strain?
If threshold signal to osteoblasts is not met, osteoclasts are produced
What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their HIPS?
Gymnasts
What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their ARMS?
Weight lifters
At what age does your bone mass peak?
Late 20’s (early 30’s)
What type of bone loss is present in women but not in men during aging?
Menopausal bone loss
What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?
Bone fragility and increased risk of bone fractures
What disease is caused by re-absorption of calcium from bone?
Osteoporosis
What T-Score range on the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) scale is associated with osteoporosis?
-2.5 or below
What gender is more affected by osteoporosis?
Women (80%)
What ethnicity of women are more susceptible to to fracture incidences?
Caucasian
Does smoking have an affect on bone health in aging?
Yes
Which vitamin can help reduce the risk of fractures?
Vitamin D
What type of arthritis is the most common?
Osteoarthritis
Which type of osteoarthritis is due to hereditary and mechanical factors?
Primary osteoarthritis
What causes secondary osteoarthritis?
Past injury or trauma
What type of test can NOT be used to diagnose osteoarthritis?
A blood test
What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and gout?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune response that affects synovial membranes while gout is a metabolic disease associated with high levels of uric acid levels in cartilage
What gender and race are more susceptible to gout?
African American males
What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?
Osteoarthritis
Is fibromyalgia a form of arthritis?
No
What are the characteristics of fibromyalgia?
Chronic widespread of muscular pain in multiple tender sites?
Since fibrosis (fibromyalgia) cannot be diagnosed, what is the criteria?
Chronic widespread pain for at least 3 months; pain in 11+ of 18 tender points
What are the risk factors for muscular dystrophy?
Hereditary
The alteration of what muscular protein leads to muscular dystrophy?
Dystrophin
What type of muscular dystrophy exhibits an absence of dystrophin and is the most common form?
Duschenne (early onset)
What does Becker’s (late onset) muscular dystrophy signify?
Abnormal dystrophin levels
