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Human Diseases 2 > Musculoskeletal Disease > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Respectively, what percentage of calcium, phosphorus, and sodium do the bones contain?

A

99; 85; 65

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2
Q

What is the term used to describe the activity of “making blood cells”?

A

Hematopoietic

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3
Q

Where are blood cells and platelets made?

A

In the bone marrow

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4
Q

What type of bone supports the ends of weight bearing bones?

A

Spongy (trabecular; cancellous)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of compact (cortical; solid) bone?

A

To form shaft on outside of long bone

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6
Q

Which type of bone cells are responsible for bone formation and lining?

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

What do osteclasts do?

A

Reabsorb and dissolve bone; release calcium into the blood

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8
Q

Which type of bone cells maintain the overall bone by transporting metabolites, cell communication and regulate mineral balance?

A

Osteocytes

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9
Q

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating osteoclasts?

A

Parathyroid

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10
Q

Which type of bone cells are stimulated by the thyroid hormone?

A

Osteoblasts

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11
Q

Which hormone suppresses osteclast activity?

A

Sex hormones (estrogen)

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12
Q

What does Wolff’s Law state?

A

Bone is laid down where it is needed and reabsorbed where it is not needed

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13
Q

What is the concept behind minimal essential strain?

A

If threshold signal to osteoblasts is not met, osteoclasts are produced

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14
Q

What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their HIPS?

A

Gymnasts

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15
Q

What type of athlete has the highest bone density in their ARMS?

A

Weight lifters

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16
Q

At what age does your bone mass peak?

A

Late 20’s (early 30’s)

17
Q

What type of bone loss is present in women but not in men during aging?

A

Menopausal bone loss

18
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoporosis?

A

Bone fragility and increased risk of bone fractures

19
Q

What disease is caused by re-absorption of calcium from bone?

A

Osteoporosis

20
Q

What T-Score range on the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) scale is associated with osteoporosis?

A

-2.5 or below

21
Q

What gender is more affected by osteoporosis?

A

Women (80%)

22
Q

What ethnicity of women are more susceptible to to fracture incidences?

A

Caucasian

23
Q

Does smoking have an affect on bone health in aging?

A

Yes

24
Q

Which vitamin can help reduce the risk of fractures?

A

Vitamin D

25
Q

What type of arthritis is the most common?

A

Osteoarthritis

26
Q

Which type of osteoarthritis is due to hereditary and mechanical factors?

A

Primary osteoarthritis

27
Q

What causes secondary osteoarthritis?

A

Past injury or trauma

28
Q

What type of test can NOT be used to diagnose osteoarthritis?

A

A blood test

29
Q

What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and gout?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune response that affects synovial membranes while gout is a metabolic disease associated with high levels of uric acid levels in cartilage

30
Q

What gender and race are more susceptible to gout?

A

African American males

31
Q

What is the leading cause of disability in the United States?

A

Osteoarthritis

32
Q

Is fibromyalgia a form of arthritis?

A

No

33
Q

What are the characteristics of fibromyalgia?

A

Chronic widespread of muscular pain in multiple tender sites?

34
Q

Since fibrosis (fibromyalgia) cannot be diagnosed, what is the criteria?

A

Chronic widespread pain for at least 3 months; pain in 11+ of 18 tender points

35
Q

What are the risk factors for muscular dystrophy?

A

Hereditary

36
Q

The alteration of what muscular protein leads to muscular dystrophy?

A

Dystrophin

37
Q

What type of muscular dystrophy exhibits an absence of dystrophin and is the most common form?

A

Duschenne (early onset)

38
Q

What does Becker’s (late onset) muscular dystrophy signify?

A

Abnormal dystrophin levels

Human Diseases 2 (4 decks)

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