Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards
What is bone made up of?
living structure made up of tough organic matrix strengthened by deposits of calcium phosphate
What are the two types of bones?
Compact: forms the shaft and outer layer
Cancellous bone: makes up the ends and the center
What are the different types of muscles?
cardiac, smooth or skeletal
What do skeletal muscles consist of?
Fibers bound together in bundles and attached to bone by tendons
Cartilage
Allows bones to slide over one another, reduces friction, prevents damage, absorbs shock
Tendons
connects muscles to bones
Ligaments
connect bone bone to stabilize joints and limit movement
Bursae
fluid filled sacs in the area of friction to cushion bones or ligaments that might rub together
Meniscus
cartilage disc between bone to absorb shock and cushion joints
Fascia
flat sheets that line and protect muscle fibers, attach muscle to bone, provide structure for nerves, blood vessels, and lumphatics
Fibrous (Synarthrotic) joint
immovable, such as sutures in the skull
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrotic) joint
slightly moveable, such as the costal cartilage between the sternum and the ribs
Synovial joint
freely moveable, ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, gliding
Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
where the mandible and temporal bone and articulate
Flexion
decreases the angle between bones or brings bones together
Extension
increases the angle to a straight line or zero degrees
Hyperextension
extension beyond the neutral position
abduction
movement of a part away from the body
adduction
movement of a part towards the body
Rotation
turning the joint around longitudinal axis
Circumduction
a circular motion that combines flexion, externsion, abduction, adduction
Inversion
turning the sole of the foot inward
Eversion
turning the sole of the foot outward
Protraction
moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground
Retraction
moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground
Elevation
moving a body part upward
Depression
Moving a body part downward
Opposition
moving the thumb to touch the little finger
The scapula and clavicle connect to form the?
Shoulder girdle
Elbow
Articulation of the humerous, radius, and ulna
