Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards
What comprises the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum
What comprises the appendicular skeleton?
Appendages, upper and lower limb
What is the shaft of a long bone called?
The diaphysis
What are the wide inferior and superior ends of a long bone called?
The epiphysis
What is the metaphysis?
The area between the diaphysis and the epiphysis
What is compact bone?
The outer lining of the bone comprised of osteons in a Haversian system
What does an odeon consist of?
- Layers of bone (lamellae)
- Haversian canals containing blood vessels and nerves
- Lacunae (spaces between lamellae)
- Osteocytes within lacunae
What are the 5 stages of fracture repair?
- Fracture
- Haematoma
- Cartilage
- Callus
- Bone remodelling
What are the four components of the upper limb?
- Pectoral girdle
- Arm
- Forearm
- Hand
What bones comprise the pectoral girdle?
Scapula and clavicle
What bone is found in the arm?
The humerus
What bones comprise the forearm?
Radius and ulna
What are the four components of the lower limb?
- Pelvic girdle
- Thigh
- Leg
- Foot
What bone is the pelvic girdle?
Pelvic bone
What bone is in the thigh?
The femur
What bones make up the leg?
Tibia and fibula
What is an aponeurosis?
A tissue that connects flat sheet muscle to bone
Where are tendons found?
Between bone and muscle
What is the function of tendons?
They transfer force between muscle and bone to generate movement
What is the function of ligaments?
To connect bone to bone
What are characteristics of tendons and ligaments?
They are generally stiff, inelastic and stabilise joints by limiting movement
What kind of joint is the elbow?
Synovial
What range of movement is exhibited by the elbow?
Extension and flex ion
Which ligaments restrict movement of the elbow joint?
The lateral and medial collateral ligaments
