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Physiology and Pharmacology > Musculoskeletal Anatomy > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What comprises the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebrae, ribs and sternum

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2
Q

What comprises the appendicular skeleton?

A

Appendages, upper and lower limb

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3
Q

What is the shaft of a long bone called?

A

The diaphysis

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4
Q

What are the wide inferior and superior ends of a long bone called?

A

The epiphysis

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5
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

The area between the diaphysis and the epiphysis

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6
Q

What is compact bone?

A

The outer lining of the bone comprised of osteons in a Haversian system

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7
Q

What does an odeon consist of?

A
  • Layers of bone (lamellae)
  • Haversian canals containing blood vessels and nerves
  • Lacunae (spaces between lamellae)
  • Osteocytes within lacunae
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8
Q

What are the 5 stages of fracture repair?

A
  1. Fracture
  2. Haematoma
  3. Cartilage
  4. Callus
  5. Bone remodelling
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9
Q

What are the four components of the upper limb?

A
  • Pectoral girdle
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand
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10
Q

What bones comprise the pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula and clavicle

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11
Q

What bone is found in the arm?

A

The humerus

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12
Q

What bones comprise the forearm?

A

Radius and ulna

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13
Q

What are the four components of the lower limb?

A
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Thigh
  • Leg
  • Foot
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14
Q

What bone is the pelvic girdle?

A

Pelvic bone

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15
Q

What bone is in the thigh?

A

The femur

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16
Q

What bones make up the leg?

A

Tibia and fibula

17
Q

What is an aponeurosis?

A

A tissue that connects flat sheet muscle to bone

18
Q

Where are tendons found?

A

Between bone and muscle

19
Q

What is the function of tendons?

A

They transfer force between muscle and bone to generate movement

20
Q

What is the function of ligaments?

A

To connect bone to bone

21
Q

What are characteristics of tendons and ligaments?

A

They are generally stiff, inelastic and stabilise joints by limiting movement

22
Q

What kind of joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial

23
Q

What range of movement is exhibited by the elbow?

A

Extension and flex ion

24
Q

Which ligaments restrict movement of the elbow joint?

A

The lateral and medial collateral ligaments

25
Q

Why is the knee joint unstable?

A

As the inferior of the femur and superior aspect of the tibia don’t fit well together

26
Q

Why are the ligamentum flavum different from other ligaments?

A

They have a high content of elastin fibres and so are more elastic than most ligaments

27
Q

What ligaments stabilise the knee?

A
  • Medial and lateral collateral ligaments

- Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Physiology and Pharmacology (7 decks)

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