Musculoskeletal

Question 1

Most ROM/mobility issues lead patients to what type of treatment?

Answer 1

PT

Question 2

Adduction vs. Abduction

Answer 2

movement of the arms and legs back towards the body vs. away from the body

Question 3

Flexion vs. Extension

Answer 3

a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts vs. a movement that increases the angle between two body parts

Question 4

What parts of the body can extend and flex?

Answer 4

Shoulders (bring arm up is flexion and bringing arm back is extension)
Elbow (crunch motion is flexion and bringing arm back is extension)
Knee (butt kickers is flexion and back to normal is extension)
Neck (chin to chest is flexion, chin to sky is extension)
Spine (bend forward is flexion, bend backwards is extension)

Question 5

Eversion vs. Inversion

Answer 5

eversion is the movement of the sole away from the medial plane vs. inversion is the movement of the sole towards the medial plane

Question 6

Pronation vs. Supination

Answer 6

Pronation is when the dorsal aspect is facing up vs. the dorsal aspect facing down
OR
for the feet; supinated leans outward while pronated leans inward

Question 7

Pronation and supination refer to which two body parts?

Answer 7

hands and feet

Question 8

Internal vs. external rotation

Answer 8

internal rotation is towards the center of the body vs. away from the center of the body

Question 9

What part of the body typically undergoes internal and external rotation? What does it look like?

Answer 9

Hips
With patient laying supine, have them flex knee to table top position; bringing the foot out laterally is internal rotation while bringing the foot inwards is external rotation (think about the hip sitting in the ball and socket)

Question 10

Do nurses adjust contractures?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

TMJ

Answer 11

articulation of mandible and temporal bones

Question 12

Scoliosis

Answer 12

S-curvature of the thoracic spine

Question 13

Kyphosis

Answer 13

Exaggerated curvature of the cervical spine; hunchback

Question 14

Lordosis

Answer 14

Curving inward of the lower back

Question 15

What health history questions are necessary to ask regarding joint and muscle issues?

Answer 15

warmth
cramps
redness
pain
stiffness
swelling

Question 16

Claudication pain

Answer 16

deep muscle pain usually in the calf but can be in the lower leg or top of the foot

Question 17

Claudication pain character

Answer 17

feels like a cramp, numbness/tingling, or a cold feeling

Question 18

What triggers claudication pain?

Answer 18

activity (walking or stairs) with claudication distance (how long it takes for pain to start) or elevation (“rest pain”)

Question 19

What relieves claudication pain?

Answer 19

rest - usually within a minute or two

dangling - for when “rest pain” is present

Question 20

Claudication pain associated symptoms?

Answer 20

cool, pale skin below the ankle

Question 21

When inspecting the TMJ, what are we looking/palpating for?

Answer 21

swelling, clicking, symmetry

Question 22

How do we assess for scoliosis?

Answer 22

have patient bend forward and the shoulders will be uneven if they have scoliosis

Question 23

What is important to know before doing ROM exercises, especially in the knees and hips?

Answer 23

patient history of injury or surgery

Question 24

Patients who have had hip surgery cannot do what ROM movement?

Answer 24

adduction

Question 25

Active vs. passive movement

Answer 25

active is when the patient does the movement themselves and passive is when the nurse does it for the patient

Question 26

Osteoporosis

Answer 26

occurs when the bones become porous, weak and brittle

Question 27

Osteoporosis is more common in who?

Answer 27

women > men

white, post-menopausal women

Question 28

RA

Answer 28

chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune response that causes inflammation of synovial fluid, hyperplasia, and swelling which leads to bilateral joint pain, stiffness and swelling that is worse in the morning

Question 29

RA is more common in who?

Answer 29

2.5 times more common in women than men

Question 30

Is osteoporosis genetic?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

Osteoarthritis

Answer 31

degenerative joint disease that is non-inflammatory and destroys the cartilage between bones and creates osteophytes

Question 32

Osteoarthritis is more common in who?

Answer 32

older adults
females
Caucasians
obese individuals