Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Most ROM/mobility issues lead patients to what type of treatment?
PT
Adduction vs. Abduction
movement of the arms and legs back towards the body vs. away from the body
Flexion vs. Extension
a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts vs. a movement that increases the angle between two body parts
What parts of the body can extend and flex?
Shoulders (bring arm up is flexion and bringing arm back is extension)
Elbow (crunch motion is flexion and bringing arm back is extension)
Knee (butt kickers is flexion and back to normal is extension)
Neck (chin to chest is flexion, chin to sky is extension)
Spine (bend forward is flexion, bend backwards is extension)
Eversion vs. Inversion
eversion is the movement of the sole away from the medial plane vs. inversion is the movement of the sole towards the medial plane
Pronation vs. Supination
Pronation is when the dorsal aspect is facing up vs. the dorsal aspect facing down
OR
for the feet; supinated leans outward while pronated leans inward
Pronation and supination refer to which two body parts?
hands and feet
Internal vs. external rotation
internal rotation is towards the center of the body vs. away from the center of the body
What part of the body typically undergoes internal and external rotation? What does it look like?
Hips
With patient laying supine, have them flex knee to table top position; bringing the foot out laterally is internal rotation while bringing the foot inwards is external rotation (think about the hip sitting in the ball and socket)
Do nurses adjust contractures?
No
TMJ
articulation of mandible and temporal bones
Scoliosis
S-curvature of the thoracic spine
Kyphosis
Exaggerated curvature of the cervical spine; hunchback
Lordosis
Curving inward of the lower back
What health history questions are necessary to ask regarding joint and muscle issues?
warmth cramps redness pain stiffness swelling
Claudication pain
deep muscle pain usually in the calf but can be in the lower leg or top of the foot
Claudication pain character
feels like a cramp, numbness/tingling, or a cold feeling
What triggers claudication pain?
activity (walking or stairs) with claudication distance (how long it takes for pain to start) or elevation (“rest pain”)
What relieves claudication pain?
rest - usually within a minute or two
dangling - for when “rest pain” is present
Claudication pain associated symptoms?
cool, pale skin below the ankle
When inspecting the TMJ, what are we looking/palpating for?
swelling, clicking, symmetry
How do we assess for scoliosis?
have patient bend forward and the shoulders will be uneven if they have scoliosis
What is important to know before doing ROM exercises, especially in the knees and hips?
patient history of injury or surgery
Patients who have had hip surgery cannot do what ROM movement?
adduction
Active vs. passive movement
active is when the patient does the movement themselves and passive is when the nurse does it for the patient
Osteoporosis
occurs when the bones become porous, weak and brittle
Osteoporosis is more common in who?
women > men
white, post-menopausal women
RA
chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune response that causes inflammation of synovial fluid, hyperplasia, and swelling which leads to bilateral joint pain, stiffness and swelling that is worse in the morning
RA is more common in who?
2.5 times more common in women than men
Is osteoporosis genetic?
Yes
Osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease that is non-inflammatory and destroys the cartilage between bones and creates osteophytes
Osteoarthritis is more common in who?
older adults
females
Caucasians
obese individuals
