Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y5 Paediatrics > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common sarcoma causing acute limp in paediatrics and over what age does it occur?

A

Osteosarcoma - 10 plus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 infections that can cause acute paediatric limp?

A

Septic arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Discitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 ways in which sickle cell disease can contribute to acute limp?

A

Avascular necrosis
Stroke
Increased infection risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common cause of paediatric acute limp?

A

Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At what age do growth plates tend to fuse in girls vs boys? Why?

A

12-14 girls, 14-16 boys

Due to oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What should be considered as an alternative injury a suspected sprain in a child?

A

Growth plate injury as these are more susceptible to injury than ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Toddler’s Fracture?

A

A subtle undisplaced spiral fracture of tibia, often seen in preschool children due to twist or unwitnessed fall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

6 risk factors for developmental dysplasia of hip DDH?

A 
Family history
Being a girl
Oligohydramnios
High birth weight over 4kg
First born baby
Breech presentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 2 manoeuvres used to screen for DDH at birth?

A

Barlow - posterior force on adducted legs to try to posteriorly dislocate hips
Ortolani - anterior force on bent and abducted legs to relocate and confirm posterior dislocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why do many kids ‘grow out of’ DDH?

A

Ligaments and soft tissue strengthen over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If DDH is found or suspected at birth, what should you do? What if it persists?

A

Recheck at 6-8 weeks
If still there can do hip USS if less than 4-6 months
Or hip XR if older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What screening takes place for breech babies for DDH?

A

Hip USS at 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is first line management of DDH in a child under 6m old?

A

Pavlik harness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long should you try a Pavlik harness for?

A

At least 6 weeks full time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is there a risk of with use of Pavlek harness?

A

Avascular necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is first line management of DDH for child over 6m or after tried Pavlik harness?

A

Closed reduction and hip spica (cast)

Manipulation under anaesthesia then cast stays on for at least 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a further option if closed reduction for DDH fails?

A

Open reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What age and sex of child is commonly affected by transient synovitis?

A

Boys aged 4-10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How long does transient synovitis normally last?

A

3-10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does transient synovitis follow in 50% of cases?

A

Viral URTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What findings on exam, bloods and US would be reassuring for transient synovitis?

A

Limited range of movement
Mild inflammatory blood picture, low grade CRP
Effusion on USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Management of transient synovitis?

A

NSAIDs and non-weight-bearing rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Perthes disease/Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Idiopathic AVN of femoral head

24
Q

In what age and sex of child does Perthes disease typically affect?

A

Boys aged 4-10 plus

25
Q

Over how long does Perthes disease tend to resolve?

A

Months - couple of years, physio may hope and surgery may be needed

26
Q

2 long term consequences of healed Perthes disease?

A

Stiffness of joint

Osteoarthritis

27
Q

What is SUFE?

A

Slipped Upper Femoral Epiphysis - capital femoral epiphysis displaces relative to metaphysis leading to hip, knee or thigh pain

28
Q

What is a common RF for SUFE? 3 other associations?

A

Being overweight

Also hypothyroidism or previous radiotherapy/growth hormone therapy

29
Q

Over what age does SUFE tend to occur?

A

Over 10

30
Q

Movement restricted classically early in SUFE?

A

Internal rotation

31
Q

2 management options for SUFE?

A

External in situ pinning

Open reduction and pinning

32
Q

What needs to be done quickly for SUFE and why?

A

Orthopaedic assessment - risk of AVN

33
Q

What is Osgood-Schlatter disease?

A

Multiple small avulsion fractures of anterior tibial tuberosity apophysis leading to anterior knee pain in sporty adolescents

34
Q

When does pain associated with Osgood-Schlatter disease tend to resolve?

A

Either after reducing activity or end of growth spurt

35
Q

What is the definition of JIA?

A

Autoimmune inflammatory joint disease lasting for over 6 weeks in under 16s (commonly 7-12)

36
Q

What growth anomalies can occur related to JIA?

A

Overall growth rate may fall but affected joints may be large due to inflammation

37
Q

What are the 4 major subtypes of JIA?

A

Oligo/pauciarticular
Systemic (Still’s disease)
Polyarticular (juvenile RA)
Seronegative spondylarthritis/juvenile AS

38
Q

What is oligo/pauciarticular JIA and what blood finding is usually positive?

A

Less than 4 affected joints in first 6m

ANA positive

39
Q

What joints are typically affected in oligo/pauciarticular JIA?

A

Larger joints but not hips, asymmetrical pattern

40
Q

What rash is classical of systemic JIA/Stills disease?

A

Salmon pink macular rash that migrates around trunk, associated with systemic malaise

41
Q

What is the most common subtype of JIA?

A

Oligo/pauciarticular

42
Q

What is polyarticular JIA?

A

Juvenile RA - 5 or more joints affected in first 6 months, often very symmetrical with worse prognosis

43
Q

What is Farber disease?

A

Lysosomal storage disorder caused by ceraminidase deficiency
Looks like JIA plus subcut nodules plus hoarse/weak voice (vocal cord nodules)

44
Q

What is Severs disease?

A

Apophysitis of the calcaneus leading to heel pain

45
Q

What is thought to be the cause of Severs disease?

A

Pull of Achilles’ tendon on unossified apophysis causing repeated microtrauma

46
Q

3 diseases causing limp more associated with active adolescent males?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease
Severs disease
Osteochondritis dissecans

47
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans? Where is it most common?

A

Most common cause of loose body in joint space - typically in knee joint medial femoral condyle

48
Q

How does osteochondritis dissecans present?

A

OA-like symptoms, mild pain and effusion that can present in adolescence or adulthood

49
Q

What is chondromalacia patellae?

A

Anterior knee pain typically felt ascending or descending stairs, more common in females than males aged 10-19

50
Q

Cause of anterior knee pain in adolescent girl worse on ascending or descending stairs?

A

Chondromalacia patellae

51
Q

What is apophysitis of the calcaneus and resultant heel pain called?

A

Severs disease

52
Q

What is bony fragment within joint space, often near medial femoral condyle, called?

A

Osteochondritis dissecans

53
Q

What might acute limp following trauma plus extreme pain, anxiety and agitation suggest?

A

Compartment syndrome

54
Q

What swift assessment should be done if querying compartment syndrome?

A

Neurovascular assessment

55
Q

7 red flags for acute paediatric limp?

A

Pain waking from sleep
Bone pain
Red swollen joints
Bruises or rashes
Constitutional Sx incl fever, weight loss, anorexia etc.
Early morning worsening
Sx suggestive of evolving compartment syndrome

56
Q

What should a child over 9 presenting with acute limp with limited or painful hip movement be rapidly assessed for?

A

SUFE

57
Q

3 cancers that may present with acute limp?

A

Leukaemia
Lymphoma
Sarcoma

Y5 Paediatrics (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions