Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
produce cells
Osteoclasts
resorption of bone
Complete Fracture
Bone broken, forming separate pieces
Incomplete fracture
bone only partially broken
Open(compound) fracture
Skin broken
Closed Fracture
skin not broken
Pathologic fracture
results from weakness in bone structure; occurs w/little stress
Stress fracture
(fatigue fractures) result from repeated excessive stress
Process of healing bone
- Hematomia-fibrin network formed.
- Phagocytic cells remove debris
- Fibroblasts lay down new collagen fibers
- Chondroblasts form new cartilage
- Osteoblasts generate new bone
- Procallus is replaced by bony callus
- Remodleling of bone w/return to use
Compartment syndrome
increased pressure of fluid w/in fascia compresses the nerves and blood vessels causing severe pain and ischemia or necrosis of muscle
Sprain
tear in a ligament
Strain
a tear in a tendon
Avulsion
ligaments or tendons completely separated from bony attachments
Osteoporosis-definition
decrease in bone mass and density.
Osteoporosis-patho
Bone resorption exceeds formation, results in loss of compact bone. Dx w/bone density scans. Can cause compression fractures of vertebrae, wrist or hip. Can lead to kyphosis and scoliosis.
Osteoporosis predisposing factors
Aging,decreased mobility/sedentary lifestyle, hormonal factors, deficits of Ca, Vit D or protein, cigarette smoking, small light bone structure, excessive caffeine intake
Tx osteoporosis
Meds, exercising, treat underlying conditions.
Osteomyelitis
Bone infection caused by bacteria or fungi. S/Sx local inflammation and bone pain, fever and excessive sweating, chills, general malaise. Tx antibiotics or surgery
Lordosis
swayback
Kyphosis
hunchback
scoliosis
S or C shaped
Tumors
Common site of secondary tumors from breast, lung or prostate
Osteosarcoma
Common primary neoplasm of bone. Occurs in shaft of long bones of leg
MD-muscular dystrophy
Degeneration of skeletal muscle over time
MD S/Sx
Weakness in pelvic girdle, waddling gait, difficulty climbing stairs, gower maneuver, tendon reflexes reduced, deformities develop, respiratory infections common, cardiac myopathy occurs commonly
MD Dx tests
ID of common genetic abnormalities, elevated creatine kinase levels, electromyography, muscle biopsy, blood tests shows abnormal dystrophin levels
MD Tx
no cure-moderate exercise to maintain motor fx, supportive appliances, OT to maximize function and adaption, ventilator
Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome
Pain and stiffness affecting muscles, tendons and surrounding soft tissue, 18 specific tender or trigger points, no obvious inflammation and severe fatigue, stress and/or depression may be present. cause unknown
Primary fibromyalgia Syndrome Tx
stress avoidance or reduction, regular exercise in morning, pace activity and rest as needed, local applications of heat or massage as needed, NSAIDS, low doses of antidepressants
Osteoarthritis
degenerative wear and tear joint disease. Associated w/obesity and aging, may be result of increased weight-bearing or lifting. Incidence increasing
Osteoarthritis patho
articular cartilage is damaged, surface of cartilage becomes rough and worn, tissue damage causes release of enzymes from the cells accelerating disintegration of cartilage
