Digestive

Question 1

Esophagus

Answer 1

Upper GI tract, closed except during swallowing. Skeletal muscle at superior end, followed by smooth muscle

Question 2

Bolus

Answer 2

Ball of food

Question 3

Chyme

Answer 3

diluted gastric contents, semi-fluid, partially digested food.

Question 4

Pancreas

Answer 4

Breaks down proteins, carbs fats. Secretes insulin for glucose stability.

Question 5

Emisis

Answer 5

Vomitting

Question 6

Occult blood

Answer 6

Small hidden amounts, detectable w/ stool test. Maybe caused by small bleeding ulcers

Question 7

Frank blood

Answer 7

Red blood, usually from lesions in rectum or anal canal

Question 8

Steatorrhea

Answer 8

Fatty diarrhea, frequent bulky, greasy loose stools, foul odor. Characteristic of malabsorption syndromes

Question 9

Endoscopy

Answer 9

Upper GI series-biopsy may be done during procedure

Question 10

Sigmoidscopy

Answer 10

Lower GI series-Biopsy and removal of polyps

Question 11

Candidiasis- oral cavity

Answer 11

Fungal infection, aka Thrush. Red swollen areas, white curdlike. Tx: nystatin, anti fungal scrape off

Question 12

Herpes Simplex 1

Answer 12

HSV-1. Transmitted by kissing or close contact, remain dormant in sensory ganglion.Usually gets on and off during stress or cold.

Question 13

Dysphasia

Answer 13

difficulty swallowing

Question 14

Causes of Dysphasia

Answer 14

Neurologial deficit(parkinsons)
Muscular Disorder(MD)
Mechanical obstruction ( scar tissue,fibrosis, compression)

Question 15

GERD-Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Answer 15

Reflux of gastric contents into esophagus causing erosion and inflammation, seen in conjuction w/hiatal hernia.

Question 16

GERD Tx

Answer 16

Avoid caffeine, fatty/spicy foods, alcohol, smoking. Use med to reduce reflux and inflammation

Question 17

Chronic Gastritis

Answer 17

Shrinkage of stomach, H.pylori infection often present

Question 18

Peptic Ulcer

Answer 18

H.pylori infecton. Tx combo of antimicrobial and proton pup inhibitor, reduction of exacerbating factors

Question 19

Cholelithiasis

Answer 19

Formation of gallstones

Question 20

Cholecystitis

Answer 20

Inflammaion of gallbladder and cystic duct

Question 21

Choledocholithiasis

Answer 21

Obstruction of biliary tract by gallstones

Question 22

Hepatitis A (HAV)

Answer 22

Small RNA virus, sexual transmission. No carrier or chronic state. Vaccine for travelers, food and health care workers.

Question 23

Hepatitis B (HBV)

Answer 23

Partially double stranded DNA virus. Transmission primarily by infected blood. 50% of cases are asymptomatic but contagious due to carrier state. Vaccine available, given to children.

Question 24

Hepatitis C (HCV)

Answer 24

Single stranded DNA. Most common type transmitted by blood transfusion. May exist in carrier state. Treated w/interferon injections

Question 25

Celiac disease

Answer 25

malabsorption syndrome, defect in intestinal enzyme. Dx by series of blood tests. gluten free diet for Tx.

Question 26

Chohns Disease

Answer 26

Causes unknown, affect the small intestine, skip lesions. Tx glucocorticoid