musculoskeletal Flashcards
what is cartilage?
hard but flexible, compressive and elastic connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes embedded in a matrix
why is cartilage slow healing?
there are no blood vessels within cartilage so nutrients and oxygen diffuses slowly through the matrix to the cells
What are the three different types of cartilage?
Hyaline, Yellow Elastic and White Fibrous
where is hyaline cartilage located?
the ends of bones the nose and in the trachea
where is yellow elastic cartilage located?
the external ear
where is white fibrous located?
the discs of vertebrae
how does white fibrous differ to hyaline cartilage?
has much greater tensile strength as it contains many bundles of collagen
what are the functions of bone?
- structural support
- movement
- physical protection of organs
- mineral regulation
what are the two types of bone?
spongy and compact
where is spongy bone found?
at the ends of long bone and in the vertebrae
which bone is Harversian systems and Volkmann canals found in?
compact bone
what are osteoblasts?
lays down inorganic component of the matrix (forms bone matrix)
what are osteocytes?
maintains bone tissue
what are osteoclasts?
large multinucleated cells, with a ruffled border, important for remodelling, growth and repair of bone
what enzymes do osteoclasts secrete and why?
carbonic anhydrase which acidifies the matrix, causing it to decalcify, they then break down the matrix
what is the role of organic and inorganic components in compact bone?
organic components prevent compression and inorganic resist fractures
what is the extracellular matrix of bone made up of?
30% - collagen for flexibility
70% - hydroxphiate
what do the canaliculi allow the osteocytes to do?
communicate w each other
