MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards
Which type of arthritis affects Distal InterPhalangeal joints (&PIP) ? is morning stiffness associated with it?
Osteoarthritis
VERY LITTLE <30 min
Which type of arthritis affects Proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarcophalangeal joints?
is morning stiffness associated with it?
Rheumatoid arthritis
YES, may persist for hours.
What is deficient in atypical phenylketonuria?
How would this effect prolactin levels?
dihydrobiopterin reducase; gives BH4 => cofactor for Phe-> Tyrosine AND Tyrosine-> DOPA.
Increase due to decreased production of dopamine (dopamine when released from the tuberoinfundibular system inhibits prolactin release)
What is the negatively birefringent long yello&blue-crystal of Gouty arthritis?
MONOSODIUM URATE
which crystals are positive birefringence and what type of gout is this?
Calcium Pyrophospate
what prevents candida systemic infection?
Neutrophils
Which nerve causes weakness in the gluteus muscle medius and gluteus minimus muscles? Which test is positive when testing these muscles?
Superior gluteal nerve
Trendelenburg test
Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle what clinical symptoms are seen?
Inferior gluteal nerve
Difficulty rising from the seated position and climbing stairs
Rickets histological home Mark? Clinical features (five)
Increase in on mineralized osteoid matrix and widened osteoid seams
Bowed legs, rachitic rosary, Harrison sulci, craniotabes, growth retardation
Regular thinning with your interconnections is seen in which bone disease?
Osteoporosis make a total bone mass decrease along with construction of normal bone architecture
Subperiosteal resorption with cystic degeneration new paragraph increases osteoclastic activity resulting in increased bone resorption what disease is this?
Hyperparathyroidism in cortical bones only
What disease has lamellar bone structure resembling a mosaic? What are cement lines?
Paget’s disease- starts as marked local osteoclastic activation followed by increased osteoblastic activity
The regular sections of lamellar bone links by areas of previous bone resorption
Wish diseases characterized by spongiosis filling medullary canal with no mature trabeculae?
Osteopetrosis a.k.a. spongiosum is replaced by bone marrow
So Ferelara would probably a.k.a. Whipples disease affects which 3 systems?
Paragraph histologic findings include ?
Small intestine
Joints
Central nervous system
Small intestine mucosa W \enlarged foamy macrophages
packed with Rod shaped bacilli & PAS positive diastase resistant granules
Treatment of ulcerative colitis
Aminosalicylic acid derivatives
What type of virus is parvovirus B 19 and what does it cause (3)
Non-envelopes single-stranded DNA
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Aplastic crisis and sickle cell anemia
Hydrops fetalis
Dimorphic (ovoid) fungus jintercellularly located within macrophages effect lung/reticuloendothelial system? And is present within bird/bat droppings in the Mississippi and Ohio River basins?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Spherules packed within endospores are found in which infection?
Coccidioides immitis
Narcolepsy is due to?
Cheat with?
Low levels of stimulatory neurotransmitter orexin (hypocretin)
Modafinil
Other than seizures what is carbamazepine used to treat?
Trigeminal neuralgia
What type of metabolization is linked to drug-induced lupus?
Which drugs are associated with this?
N-Acetylation in the liver
Hydralazine and procainamide
What type of metabolism is catalyzed by cytochrome P 450 system?
Liver hydroxylation
Suffixes:
Monoclonal antibody
Receptor molecule
Kinase inhibitor
Mab
cept
Nib
When would you use: Rituximab Infliximab Certolizumab Imatinib Etanercept
CD 20 positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma’s
Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease’
Autoimmune disorders with Elevated levels of TNF – Alpha
Philadelphia chromosome positive CML and kit – positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors
TNF alpha inhibitor added to methotrexate treatment (when this has failed) for rheumatoid arthritis
