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UWORLD QuestionQuestions > MUSCULOSKELETAL > Flashcards

MUSCULOSKELETAL Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of arthritis affects Distal InterPhalangeal joints (&PIP) ? is morning stiffness associated with it?

A

Osteoarthritis

VERY LITTLE <30 min

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2
Q

Which type of arthritis affects Proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarcophalangeal joints?

is morning stiffness associated with it?

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

YES, may persist for hours.

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3
Q

What is deficient in atypical phenylketonuria?

How would this effect prolactin levels?

A

dihydrobiopterin reducase; gives BH4 => cofactor for Phe-> Tyrosine AND Tyrosine-> DOPA.

Increase due to decreased production of dopamine (dopamine when released from the tuberoinfundibular system inhibits prolactin release)

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4
Q

What is the negatively birefringent long yello&blue-crystal of Gouty arthritis?

A

MONOSODIUM URATE

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5
Q

which crystals are positive birefringence and what type of gout is this?

A

Calcium Pyrophospate

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6
Q

what prevents candida systemic infection?

A

Neutrophils

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7
Q

Which nerve causes weakness in the gluteus muscle medius and gluteus minimus muscles? Which test is positive when testing these muscles?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

Trendelenburg test

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8
Q

Which nerve innervates the gluteus maximus muscle what clinical symptoms are seen?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Difficulty rising from the seated position and climbing stairs

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9
Q

Rickets histological home Mark? Clinical features (five)

A

Increase in on mineralized osteoid matrix and widened osteoid seams

Bowed legs, rachitic rosary, Harrison sulci, craniotabes, growth retardation

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10
Q

Regular thinning with your interconnections is seen in which bone disease?

A

Osteoporosis make a total bone mass decrease along with construction of normal bone architecture

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11
Q

Subperiosteal resorption with cystic degeneration new paragraph increases osteoclastic activity resulting in increased bone resorption what disease is this?

A

Hyperparathyroidism in cortical bones only

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12
Q

What disease has lamellar bone structure resembling a mosaic? What are cement lines?

A

Paget’s disease- starts as marked local osteoclastic activation followed by increased osteoblastic activity

The regular sections of lamellar bone links by areas of previous bone resorption

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13
Q

Wish diseases characterized by spongiosis filling medullary canal with no mature trabeculae?

A

Osteopetrosis a.k.a. spongiosum is replaced by bone marrow

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14
Q

So Ferelara would probably a.k.a. Whipples disease affects which 3 systems?
Paragraph histologic findings include ?

A

Small intestine
Joints
Central nervous system

Small intestine mucosa W \enlarged foamy macrophages
packed with Rod shaped bacilli & PAS positive diastase resistant granules

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15
Q

Treatment of ulcerative colitis

A

Aminosalicylic acid derivatives

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16
Q

What type of virus is parvovirus B 19 and what does it cause (3)

A

Non-envelopes single-stranded DNA

Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
Aplastic crisis and sickle cell anemia
Hydrops fetalis

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17
Q

Dimorphic (ovoid) fungus jintercellularly located within macrophages effect lung/reticuloendothelial system? And is present within bird/bat droppings in the Mississippi and Ohio River basins?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

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18
Q

Spherules packed within endospores are found in which infection?

A

Coccidioides immitis

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19
Q

Narcolepsy is due to?

Cheat with?

A

Low levels of stimulatory neurotransmitter orexin (hypocretin)

Modafinil

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20
Q

Other than seizures what is carbamazepine used to treat?

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

21
Q

What type of metabolization is linked to drug-induced lupus?

Which drugs are associated with this?

A

N-Acetylation in the liver

Hydralazine and procainamide

22
Q

What type of metabolism is catalyzed by cytochrome P 450 system?

A

Liver hydroxylation

23
Q

Suffixes:
Monoclonal antibody
Receptor molecule
Kinase inhibitor

A

Mab
cept
Nib

24
Q 
When would you use: 
Rituximab
Infliximab
Certolizumab
Imatinib
Etanercept
A

CD 20 positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma’s

Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease’

Autoimmune disorders with Elevated levels of TNF – Alpha

Philadelphia chromosome positive CML and kit – positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors

TNF alpha inhibitor added to methotrexate treatment (when this has failed) for rheumatoid arthritis

25
Q

Osteoporosis patients have what changes to Calcium phosporus, PTH levels?

A

Normal !!!

26
Q

what happens to Ventilation/Perfusion ratio from Apex to Base of the lung?

A

Decreases overall

Perfusion Increases much more than ventialtion (also increases)

27
Q

Treatment of Osteoporosis?

what is it made of/from

A

Bisphosphanates

Pyrophosphate analog a part of hydroxyapatite.

28
Q

where can listeria grow?

A

cold environment

29
Q

what is the only pathogenic fungus that has a polysaccharide capsule?

what stain is used for this buG?

A

Cryptococcus Neoformans

Mucicarmine Stain

30
Q

extention of the hand is by what nerve?

what happens with lesion to this nerve

A

Radial

wrist drop

31
Q

where does trigeminal nerve exit skull?

A

foramen ovale

muscles mastication

  • medial & lateral ptyerygoid
  • temporalis m
  • masseter m
32
Q

Dimorphic Fungi: 5

A 
Sporothix
Coccidioides
Histoplasma
Blastomyces
Paracoccidioides
33
Q

Bradycardia therapy?

Side effect?

A

Atropine; Decreases vagal influence SA & AV Nodes

increased ocular pressure

34
Q

What best represents Osteoblastic & OsteoClastic activity?

A

Blastic- Bone Specific Alkaline phosphatase activity

Clastic-urinary deoxypyridinoline

35
Q

What infections can lead to Reactive arthritis (HLA-B27 spondyloarpathy) (7)

A 
Campylobacter
Shgella
Salmonella
Yersinia
Chlamydia
Bartonella
36
Q

What antimycobacterial agent inhibits carbohydrate polymerization? how would this MOA affect mycobacterium?

A

Ethambutol

Preventing peptidglycan cell wall synthesis

37
Q

adverse side effect of ethambutol?

A

optic neuritis (decr. visual acuity, central scotoma & color blindness)

38
Q

longterm kneeling affects which specific part of the leg?

A

prepatellar bursa (bursitis)

roofer carpenter plumbers

39
Q

Myasthenia gravis (autoimmune) affects which part of the muscle?

Treatment?

A

Decrease in acetylcholine receptors on the POSTSYNAPTIC CATION CHANNELS

=> Decrease end plate potential.

Cholinesterase inhibitors (which can cause muscarinic overstimulation)

40
Q

what would you treat muscarinic overstimulation with?

A

antimuscarinic SCOPOLAMINE

41
Q

What would you use to treat a mother with HIV for prophylaxis of the baby?

A

Zidovudine decreases chances by 2/3

42
Q

What skin disorder is seen in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia & septicemia?

A

Ecthyma Gangrenosum in /Neutropenic patients, hospitilized patients/ burn patients/ chronic catheters.

43
Q

long exposure to loud noises damages which part of the ear?

A

stereocilliated hairs of the organ of corti

44
Q

postauricular and occipital lymphadenopathy is characteristic of which virus?

which type of virus is this?

A

Rubella

togavirus

45
Q

What is Rhematoid factor?

A

IgM antibody specific for the Fc component of self IgG

46
Q

what is transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis typical of?

what is this dx associated with?

A

PolyArteritis Nodosa

Hepatitis B infxns

47
Q

What is facial pain & headache associated with DKA suggestive of?

A

mucormycosis

48
Q

What mutation is associated with gout

?

A

PPRP (phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate)

UWORLD QuestionQuestions (12 decks)

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