Mixed

Question 1

Which type of cells do renal clear-cell carcinomas originate from?

Answer 1

Epithelial cells of proximal renal tubules

Question 2

Bell curve distribution

Answer 2

60% within one standard deviation of the mean
95% within two standard deviations
99.7% lie within three Standard deviation

Question 3

ethambutol toxicity? What is it used for?

Answer 3

Optic neuritis: colorblindness, central scotoma, decreased visual acuity

Antibiotic regimen of M.tuberculosis

Question 4

UMN lesion signs? (4)

Answer 4

Pyramidal signs
Babinski sign
Hyperreflexia
Spasticity

Question 5

low infective dose infections? 3

Answer 5

Shigella
Camylobacter
E. Histolytica
Giardia lambia

Question 6

Rubella vaccine is?

Answer 6

Live Attenuated

Question 7

Fatty Acid oxidation inhibitors MOA?

Answer 7

promote oxygen efficiency

Question 8

Watter hammer pulse with HeadBobbing?

Answer 8

Aortic Regurg

Question 9

Gene assoc of NF 1 v 2

Answer 9

1-17

2-22

Question 10

NF2 Assoc?

Answer 10

Bilateral Acoustic neuromas

Question 11

Von Recklinhousen disease is?

Answer 11

NF1

LischNodules

Question 12

Major SE of Metformin?

Answer 12

Lactic acid accumulation

Question 13

which disorders are metformin contraindicated in & why?

Answer 13

lactic acid accumlation

Renal failure
Liver dysfxn
CHF
alcoholism
sepsis

Question 14

what can lead to tamponade? symptoms triad

Answer 14

Free wall rupture

elevated JVpressure
muffled heart sounds
profound hypotension

Question 15

what happens to C-Peptides once its cleaved from insulin/

Answer 15

released by secretory vesicles in equimolar amounts with insulin.

Question 16

when is anovulation often seen?

Answer 16

after menarche

before menopause

Question 17

heroin withdrawl sx & findings

Answer 17

abd. cramping, muscle aches

dilated pupils, yawning, lacrimation, hyperactive bowels

Question 18

Benzo withdrawl sx & findings

Answer 18

tremors, psychosis, anxiety, insomnia

seizures, tachy, palpitations

Question 19

IgA deficiency MOA

what happens in transfusions in thest patients

Answer 19

recurrent Sinopulmonary and GI tract infections due to IgA absence

anaphlatic response to IgA in transfusion

Question 20

which muscle most contributes to Valsalva?

Answer 20

Rectus abdominis

Question 21

What is responsible for GALLBLADDER Contraction?

Answer 21

CCK