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ESA 2 Revision -ME > Musculo-Skeletal System > Flashcards

Musculo-Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton and their functions?

A
  • Axial Skeleton for protection

- Appendicular Skeleton for movement (Limbs)

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2
Q

Name 2 long bones

A

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Phalanges

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3
Q

Name a short bone

A

Calcaneum

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4
Q

Name a flat bone

A

Skull, Sternum, Scapula, Ilium

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5
Q

Name an irregular bone

A

Sphenoid, Mandible, Vertebrae

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6
Q

Name a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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7
Q

What is a pneumatic bone?

A
  • One containing an air filled cavity

Eg. Sphenoid

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8
Q

What is an accessory bone?

A

An extra bone due to improper fusion. Present in some people, not all. Eg. Os Trigonium

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9
Q

How many bones does a normal human being have?

A
  • 206
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10
Q

What is a Condyle?

A
  • A rounded protuberance at the end of bones, for articulation
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11
Q

What is a facet?

A
  • Flat surface on a bone
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12
Q

Which bone is a trochanter specific to?

A
  • Femur
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13
Q

What is the definition of a joint?

A
  • The point where 2 or more bones meet (articulate)
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14
Q

In terms of structure, name the 3 types of joint

A
  • Fibrous (middle radio-ulnar)
  • Cartiliginous (Pubic Symphysis)
  • Synovial
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15
Q

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial Joint?

A
  • Synovial Pivot Joint
  • Capable of rotation only
  • Between Atlas and Axis
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16
Q

Name the parts of a synovial joint

A
  • Fibrous Capsule
  • Synovial Membrane
  • Articular Hyaline Cartilage
  • Synovial Fluid
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17
Q

Which part of a synovial joint secretes synovial fluid?

A

The Synovial Membrane

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18
Q

What bone does the sternal end of the clavicle articulate with?

A
  • Manubrium
19
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • Articulation point between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula
20
Q

What is the benefit of curvature in the clavicle?

A
  • Gives strength
21
Q

Where is the weakest point of the clavicle?

What is the reason for this?

A
  • Border between lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3

- This is where the change of shape occurs

22
Q

In what direction will the medial part of the clavicle move if fracture occurs?
Which muscle is responsible for this?

A
  • It will rise/ move up

- Sternocleidomastoid

23
Q

What is the main danger in clavicular fracture?

A
  • Puncture of the subclavian artery
24
Q

Which bone is the last to ossify?

A
  • Clavicle
25
Q

With which 2 bones does the scapula articulate?

A
  • Clavicle and Humerus
26
Q

What structure separates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa?

A
  • Scapula Spine
27
Q

With which surface on the scapula does the Humerus head articulate?

A
  • Glenoid Cavity
28
Q

What is the difference between the Anatomical and Surgical neck of the humerus?

A
  • Anatomical: indicates the glenohumeral joint capsule

- Surgical: indicates the most common site of fracture (weakest point)

29
Q

What are the 2 processes of the humerus’ distal end for articulation?

A
  • The Capitulum and the Trochlea
30
Q

Name the 3 fossae of the humerus

A
  • Radial
  • Olecranon
  • Coronoid
31
Q

Which is the longest bone of the forearm?

A
  • Ulna
32
Q

Which bone of the forearm articulates with the Lunate and Scaphoid?

A
  • Radius
33
Q

What is the function of Pec Major?

A
  • Abducts and medically rotates the Humerus

- Draws the Scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

34
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of Pec Major?

A
  • Clavicular head and Sternocostal head
35
Q

What is the function of Pec Minor?

A
  • Stabilises the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall
36
Q

The distal attachment of Pec Major is on which bone?

A
  • Humerus
37
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of Pec Minor?

A
  • 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs
38
Q

Where is the distal attachment of Pec Minor?

A
  • Superior surface of the Coracoid process
39
Q

What is the function of Serratus Anterior?

A
  • Protects the Scapula

- Holds Scapula against the thoracic wall

40
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of Serratus Anterior?

A
  • Lateral parts of Ribs 1-8
41
Q

Where is the distal attachment of Serratus Anterior?

A
  • Anterior surface of the medial border of the Scapula
42
Q

What is the function of Subclavius?

A
  • Anchors and depresses the Clavicle
43
Q

Where is the proximal attachment of Subclavius?

A
  • First Rib
44
Q

Where is the distal attachment of Subclavius?

A
  • Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the Clavicle

ESA 2 Revision -ME (3 decks)

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