Musculo-Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton and their functions?

Answer 1

• Axial Skeleton for protection

- Appendicular Skeleton for movement (Limbs)

Question 2

Name 2 long bones

Answer 2

Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Phalanges

Question 3

Name a short bone

Answer 3

Calcaneum

Question 4

Name a flat bone

Answer 4

Skull, Sternum, Scapula, Ilium

Question 5

Name an irregular bone

Answer 5

Sphenoid, Mandible, Vertebrae

Question 6

Name a sesamoid bone

Answer 6

Patella

Question 7

What is a pneumatic bone?

Answer 7

• One containing an air filled cavity

Eg. Sphenoid

Question 8

What is an accessory bone?

Answer 8

An extra bone due to improper fusion. Present in some people, not all. Eg. Os Trigonium

Question 9

How many bones does a normal human being have?

Answer 9

• 206

Question 10

What is a Condyle?

Answer 10

• A rounded protuberance at the end of bones, for articulation

Question 11

What is a facet?

Answer 11

• Flat surface on a bone

Question 12

Which bone is a trochanter specific to?

Answer 12

• Femur

Question 13

What is the definition of a joint?

Answer 13

• The point where 2 or more bones meet (articulate)

Question 14

In terms of structure, name the 3 types of joint

Answer 14

• Fibrous (middle radio-ulnar)
• Cartiliginous (Pubic Symphysis)
• Synovial

Question 15

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial Joint?

Answer 15

• Synovial Pivot Joint
• Capable of rotation only
• Between Atlas and Axis

Question 16

Name the parts of a synovial joint

Answer 16

• Fibrous Capsule
• Synovial Membrane
• Articular Hyaline Cartilage
• Synovial Fluid

Question 17

Which part of a synovial joint secretes synovial fluid?

Answer 17

The Synovial Membrane

Question 18

What bone does the sternal end of the clavicle articulate with?

Answer 18

• Manubrium

Question 19

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 19

• Articulation point between the acromial end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula

Question 20

What is the benefit of curvature in the clavicle?

Answer 20

• Gives strength

Question 21

Where is the weakest point of the clavicle?

What is the reason for this?

Answer 21

• Border between lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3

- This is where the change of shape occurs

Question 22

In what direction will the medial part of the clavicle move if fracture occurs?
Which muscle is responsible for this?

Answer 22

• It will rise/ move up

- Sternocleidomastoid

Question 23

What is the main danger in clavicular fracture?

Answer 23

• Puncture of the subclavian artery

Question 24

Which bone is the last to ossify?

Answer 24

• Clavicle

Question 25

With which 2 bones does the scapula articulate?

Answer 25

- Clavicle and Humerus

Question 26

What structure separates the supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossa?

Answer 26

- Scapula Spine

Question 27

With which surface on the scapula does the Humerus head articulate?

Answer 27

- Glenoid Cavity

Question 28

What is the difference between the Anatomical and Surgical neck of the humerus?

Answer 28

- Anatomical: indicates the glenohumeral joint capsule | - Surgical: indicates the most common site of fracture (weakest point)

Question 29

What are the 2 processes of the humerus' distal end for articulation?

Answer 29

- The Capitulum and the Trochlea

Question 30

Name the 3 fossae of the humerus

Answer 30

- Radial - Olecranon - Coronoid

Question 31

Which is the longest bone of the forearm?

Answer 31

- Ulna

Question 32

Which bone of the forearm articulates with the Lunate and Scaphoid?

Answer 32

- Radius

Question 33

What is the function of Pec Major?

Answer 33

- Abducts and medically rotates the Humerus | - Draws the Scapula anteriorly and inferiorly

Question 34

Where is the proximal attachment of Pec Major?

Answer 34

- Clavicular head and Sternocostal head

Question 35

What is the function of Pec Minor?

Answer 35

- Stabilises the scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against the thoracic wall

Question 36

The distal attachment of Pec Major is on which bone?

Answer 36

- Humerus

Question 37

Where is the proximal attachment of Pec Minor?

Answer 37

- 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs

Question 38

Where is the distal attachment of Pec Minor?

Answer 38

- Superior surface of the Coracoid process

Question 39

What is the function of Serratus Anterior?

Answer 39

- Protects the Scapula | - Holds Scapula against the thoracic wall

Question 40

Where is the proximal attachment of Serratus Anterior?

Answer 40

- Lateral parts of Ribs 1-8

Question 41

Where is the distal attachment of Serratus Anterior?

Answer 41

- Anterior surface of the medial border of the Scapula

Question 42

What is the function of Subclavius?

Answer 42

- Anchors and depresses the Clavicle

Question 43

Where is the proximal attachment of Subclavius?

Answer 43

- First Rib

Question 44

Where is the distal attachment of Subclavius?

Answer 44

- Inferior surface of the middle 1/3 of the Clavicle