Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the relationship between time and distance with regard to diffusion?

Answer 1

T is proportional to d squared

Question 2

Define perfusion

Answer 2

• Rate of Blood Flow

Question 3

What is the approximate Cardiac Output at rest?

Answer 3

• 5 Litres per Minute

Question 4

Which organs have an absolute requirement?

Does not vary with activity

Answer 4

• Brain

- Kidneys

Question 5

Which of the vessels have the greatest capacity to store blood?

Answer 5

• Veins

Question 6

What is the anatomical position of the heart?

Answer 6

• Centre of the chest, posterior to the sternum, anterior to the oesophagus

Question 7

What is the function of the pericardium?

Answer 7

• Protection of heart and great vessels

- Lubrication

Question 8

Describe the layers of pericardium

Answer 8

• Outer fibrous layer covers heart and great vessels. Continuous with the diaphragm. This layer is covered by the parietal layer of serous pericardium
• Visceral layer in continuum with cardiac muscle.

Question 9

What is the function of serous fluid in the pericardium?

Answer 9

• Provides lubrication, preventing friction

Question 10

Which chamber of the heart does blood enter from the left and right pulmonary veins?

Answer 10

• Left Atrium

Question 11

Where is the bicuspid valve located in the heart?

Answer 11

• Between the left atrium and ventricle

Question 12

Into which chamber do the inferior and superior Vena Cava direct blood?

Answer 12

• Right Atrium

Question 13

Where does the Pulmonary Artery take blood?

Answer 13

• Lungs

Question 14

Where is the origin of the left and right coronary arteries?

Answer 14

• Aortic sinus

Question 15

Name the veins that drain into the coronary sinus

Answer 15

• Great, Middle and Small Cardiac Veins

Question 16

What is the average blood volume of a 70Kg man?

Answer 16

• 6 Litres

Question 17

Name the 4 major elastic arteries branching from the aorta

Answer 17

• Iliac Arteries
• Braciocephalic
• Subclavian
• Common Carotid

Question 18

What are the 3 layers of an artery?

Answer 18

• Tunica Intima
• Tunica Media
• Tunica Adventitia

Question 19

How do the Tunica Media differ between elastic and muscular arteries?

Answer 19

• Elastic contain 40-70 elastic membranes

- Myscular contain 40 layers of smooth muscle

Question 20

What is the function of precapillary sphincters?

Answer 20

• Regulate blood flow through the capillary bed

Question 21

What are end arteries?

Answer 21

• They supply the only flow of oxygenated blood to a tissue

Question 22

What are the 3 types of capillary?

Answer 22

• Continuous
• Fenestrated
• Sinusoidal

Question 23

Which type of capillary allows whole cells to move between blood and tissue?

Answer 23

• Sinusoidal

Question 24

Why are valves present in veins?

Answer 24

• To prevent retrograde transport

Question 25

What are Vena Comitantes?

Answer 25

- Deep paired veins accompanying smaller arteries. Artery pulsation promotes blood flow in veins