Musculo Skeletal Anatomy - Week 1 - Anatomical terminology and positioning Flashcards
What are the features of an anatomical position?
- Anatomical position body
standing erect or upright - Head and eyes are directed
to the front. - Upper limbs are relaxed
and down to the side of the
body. - Palms are directed
anteriorly or to the front
and not rotated. - Feet approximately
shoulder width apart with
toes directed to the front.
What are some important body landmarks?
(Using anatomical terminology)
Anterior:
Nasus - Nose
Auris - ear
Oculus - eye
Thoracis - chest
Mamma - breast
Axilla - armpit
Brachium - arm
Antecubitis - front of elbow
Antebrachium - forearm
Abdomen
Umbillicus - belly button
Pelvis
Carpus - wrist
Palma - palm
Marnus - hand
Digitis - fingers
Pollex - thumb
Inguen - groin
Pubis - pubic
Femur - thigh
Patella - kneecap
Crus - leg
Tarsus - ankle
Digitis - toes
Hallux - big toe
Pes - foot
Posterior:
Cephalon - head
Cervicis - neck
Shoulder - Acromial
Dorsum - back
Olecranon - back of elbow
Lumbus - loin
Gluteus - Buttox
Popliteus - back of knee
Sura - calf
Calcaneus - heel of foot
Planta - sole of foot
What are the special terminology used to describe specific
areas of the abdominal and pelvic regions
commonly used by anatomist and clinicians.
There are two main methods:
In the first, the abdominopelvic surface
is divided into four sections, called the
abdominopelvic quadrants, using a pair
of imaginary lines.
These sections are:
Epigastric region
Umbilical region
Hypogastric region
Inguinal region.
In the second method, nine
abdominopelvic regions are used to
more precisely describe the location
and orientation of internal organs.
Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Gallbladder, Large intestine, small intestine, appendix, urinary bladder.
What are common terms used for anatomical directions?
Lateral - away from midline
Medial - toward midline
Proximal - toward attached base (the shoulder is proximal from the wrist)
Distal - away from attached base (the fingers are distal from the wrist).
Anterior/Ventral - the front
Posterior/ Dorsal - the back
Cranial / Cephalic - towards the head
Caudal - towards the tail
Superficial - At, near or relatively close to the body surface.
Deep - toward the interior of the body, away from the surface
What are the body planes?
Coronal plane:
* Divides the body or an organ into front and back sections.
Sagittal plane:
* Divides the body or an organ into left and right sections.
Transverse plane:
* Divides the body or an organ into upper and lower sections.
What are the types of axis motion?
Linear motion:
Gliding is an example. The pencil remains vertical, but the tip moves away from its original position.
Angular motion:
The pencil tip remains stationary, but the angle between the shaft and the surface changes.
Circumduction:
The tip of the pencil remains stationary while the pencil shaft moves in a circular motion.
Rotation:
The pencil tip remains in position and the angle of the shaft does not change, but the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis.
