Musculature of the Foot

Question 1

how many layers are there of foot muscles

Answer 1

4 and muscles on the dorsum side

Question 2

what muscles are in layer 1

Answer 2

abductor hallucis

flexor digitorum brevis

abductor digiti minimi

Question 3

abductor hallucis origin

Answer 3

calcaneal tuberosity (medial process)

Question 4

abductor hallucis insertion

Answer 4

1st toes (base of proximal phalanx via the medial sesamoid)

Question 5

abductor hallucis innervation

Answer 5

medial plantar nerve (S1,S2)

Question 6

abductor hallucis action

Answer 6

great toe metatarsophalangeal joint flexion and ABD

Question 7

flexor digitorum brevis origin

Answer 7

calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle)

plantar aponeurosis

Question 8

flexor digitorum brevis

Answer 8

2nd-5th toes (sides of middle phalanges)

Question 9

flexor digitorum brevis innervation

Answer 9

medial plantar nerve (S1,S2)

Question 10

flexor digitorum brevis action

Answer 10

flexes the MTP and PIP joints of 2nd-5th toes

supports the longitudinal arch

Question 11

abductor digiti minimi origin

Answer 11

calcaneal tuberosity (medial tubercle)

plantar aponeurosis

Question 12

abductor digiti minimi insertion

Answer 12

5th toes base of proximal phalanx

5th metatarsal at tuberosity

Question 13

abductor digiti minimi innervation

Answer 13

lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

Question 14

abudctor digiti minimi action

Answer 14

5th digit metatarsophalangeal joint ABD and flexion

supports longitudinal arch

Question 15

muscles in layer 2 of the foot

Answer 15

quadratus plantae

lumbricals (4)

Question 16

quadratus plantae origin

Answer 16

calcaneal tuberosity (medial and plantar borders on plantar side)

Question 17

quadratus plantar insertion

Answer 17

flexor digitorum longus tendon (lateral border)

Question 18

quadratus plantar innvervation

Answer 18

lateral plantar nerve (S1-S3)

Question 19

quadratus plantar action

Answer 19

redirects and augments the pull of flexor digitorum longus

Question 20

lumbricals origin

Answer 20

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Question 21

lumbricals insertion

Answer 21

2nd-5th toes (@dorsal aponeurosis)

Question 22

lumbricals innervation

Answer 22

1st lumbrical (medial one): medial plantar nerve (S2-S3)

2nd-4th lumbricals (lateral 3): lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

Question 23

lumbricals action

Answer 23

lateral 4 digits metatarsophalangeal joint flexion

interphalangeal joint extension

adducts 2-5 toes towards big toe

Question 24

muscles in layer 3 of the foot

Answer 24

flexor hallucis brevis

adductor hallucis

flexor digiti minimi brevis

Question 25

flexor hallucis brevis origin

Answer 25

cuboid lateral cuneiforms plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

Question 26

flexor hallucis brevis insertion

Answer 26

1st toe at the base of proximal phalanx via medial and lateral sesamoids

Question 27

flexor hallucis brevis innervation

Answer 27

medial head: medial plantar nerve (S!,S2) lateral head: lateral plantar nerve (S1-S2)

Question 28

flexor hallucis brevis action

Answer 28

great toe metatarsophalangeal joint flexion supports longitudinal arch

Question 29

adductor hallucis origin

Answer 29

oblique head: base of 2nd-4th metatarsals transverse head: MTPS of 3-5 toes, deep transverse metatarsal ligament

Question 30

adductor hallucis insertion

Answer 30

1st proximal phalanx (@base, by common tendon via lateral sesamoid)

Question 31

adductor hallucis innervation

Answer 31

lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3) deep branch

Question 32

adductor hallucis action

Answer 32

flexes the first MTP joint adducts big toe

Question 33

flexor digiti minimi origin

Answer 33

base of 5th metatarsal long plantar ligament

Question 34

flexor digiti minimi insertion

Answer 34

5th toe base of proximal phalanx

Question 35

flexor digiti minimi innervation

Answer 35

lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3) superficial branch

Question 36

flexor digiti minimi action

Answer 36

5th digit metatarsophalangeal joint flexion

Question 37

what muscles are in layer 4 of the foot

Answer 37

plantar interossei dorsal interossei

Question 38

plantar interossei origin

Answer 38

3rd-5th metatarsals on the medial border

Question 39

plantar interossei insertion

Answer 39

3rd-5th toes medial base of proximal phalanx

Question 40

plantar interossei innervation

Answer 40

lateral plantar nerve (S2-S3)

Question 41

plantar interossei action

Answer 41

MTP joints 3-5: flexion IP joints 3-5: extension 3-5 toes: adducts towards 2nd toe

Question 42

dorsal interossei origin

Answer 42

1-5 metatarsals by 2 heads on opposing sides

Question 43

dorsal interossei insertion

Answer 43

1st: 2nd proximal phalanx (medial base) 2nd-4th: 2-4 proximal phalanges (lateral base) and 2-4 toes @ dorsal aponeurosis

Question 44

dorsal interossei innervation

Answer 44

lateral plantar nerve (S2,S3)

Question 45

dorsal interossei action

Answer 45

MTP joints of 2nd-4th: flexion IP joints of 2nd-4th: extension ABD of 3rd and 4th toes from 2nd toe

Question 46

what muscles are on the dorsum of the foot

Answer 46

extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallucis brevis

Question 47

extensor digitorum brevis origin

Answer 47

calcaneus (dorsal surface)

Question 48

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

Answer 48

2nd-4th toes @ dorsal aponeurosis and bases of middle phalanges

Question 49

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

Answer 49

deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)

Question 50

extensor digitorum brevis action

Answer 50

MTP and PIP joints 2-4: extension

Question 51

extensor hallucis brevis origin

Answer 51

calcaneus (dorsal surface)

Question 52

extensor hallucis brevis insertion

Answer 52

1st toe @ dorsal aponeurosis and proximal phalanx

Question 53

extensor hallucis brevis innveration

Answer 53

deep fibular nerve (L5,S1)

Question 54

extensor hallucis brevis action

Answer 54

great toe metatarsophalangeal joint: extension