Muscular Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are muscular tissue ?

A

Elongated cells called muscle fibers or myocytes that use ATP to generate a force.
They are contractile, can shorten and generate a pulling force.
Can be voluntary or involuntary.

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2
Q

Function of muscular tissue

A
  • Produce body movements
  • Maintain posture
  • Generate heat
  • Provide protection
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3
Q

Three types of muscular tissue

A
  • Skeletal
  • Cardia
  • Smooth
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4
Q

Are muscle cells excitable ?

A

Yes, they respond to stimulus

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5
Q

Describe the histology or structure of skeletal muscle

A

Long, cylindrical fiber, striated (light and dark bands) and many peripherally located nuclei.

In bundles, surrounded by connective tissue.

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6
Q

What causes the striation?

A

The regular alternation of the contractile proteins actin and myosin. Along with structural proteins that couple the contractile proteins to connective tissues.

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7
Q

Function of skeletal muscle tissue ?

A
  • Voluntary movement (motion and posture)
    -Produces heat (a by product of contractions)
  • Protects organs
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8
Q

Where are skeletal muscle tissues attached ?

A

Attaches bones to tendons.
Around entrance points to body - mouth and anus.

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9
Q

Description (histology) of cardiac muscle tissue.

A

Short, branched, striated and single central nucleus.

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10
Q

How do cardiac muscle tissue cells attach ?

A

End to end by traverse thickening of plasma membrane - called intercalated disks

Intercalated disks also contain desmosomes (strengthe) and gap junctions.

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11
Q

Purpose of gap junctions in cardiac muscle cells ?

A

Provide route for quick conduction of electrical signals (muscle action potentials) throughout the heart.

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12
Q

Are cardiac muscle cells involuntary or voluntary ?

A

Involuntary

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13
Q

Function of cardiac muscle tissue

A

Pumps blood to all parts of the body.

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14
Q

Location of cardiac muscle tissue

A

Heart - heart wall

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15
Q

What are the cells of the cardiac muscle known as?

A

Cardiomyocytes

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16
Q

What is a syncytium ?

A

A single cell or cytoplasmic mass containing several nuclei, formed by fusion of cells or by division of nuclei.

17
Q

What type of syncytium does attached cells form ?

A

Mechanical and electrochemical.

18
Q

Describe histology of smooth muscle cells

A

Short, spindle shaped, no evident striation, single nucleus in each fiber

19
Q

What connects many fibers smooth muscle cells ?

A

Gap junctions

20
Q

What happens when gap junctions are absent in smooth muscle tissue ?
And where does this occur.

A

Contractile individually,

Iris of eye.

21
Q

Function of smooth muscle tissue

A
  • Involuntary movement
  • Moves food
  • Control of respiration
  • Moves secretion
  • Regulates flow of blood in arteries by contraction.
22
Q

Where are smooth muscle cells found ?

A

Walls of major organs and passageways .