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Exam 2 Human Phys > Muscular System Pt.1 > Flashcards

Muscular System Pt.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of muscle?

A

1.Smooth Muscle
2.Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle

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2
Q

Where is Smooth muscle found? What is it controlled by?

A

Lines digestive tract, arteries and is controlled by autonomic nervous system

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3
Q

Where is Cardiac muscle found? What is it controlled by?

A

Found in the heart. Rate of contraction controlled by autonomic nervous system

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4
Q

Where is Skeletal muscle found? What is it controlled by?

A

Found throughout body plan. Voluntary contraction controlled by somatic nervous system.

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5
Q

Skeletal muscle cell=

A

Muscle fiber or myofiber

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6
Q

Skeletal muscle membrane=

A

Sarcolemma

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7
Q

Skeletal muscle cytoplasm=

A

Sarcoplasm

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8
Q

Skeletal muscle endoplasmic reticulum=

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

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9
Q

Sarco means “ “ and myo means “ “

A

Flesh and muscle

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10
Q

One skeletal muscle fiber has “ “ and they are “ “ located

A

Many nuclei and peripherally located

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11
Q

As a new muscle stem cell joins a muscle fiber, the nucleus begins in the center of the fiber before “ “

A

Traveling to the periphery

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12
Q

Central nuclei indicates “ “

A

Muscle regeneration

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13
Q

Myofibrils are found within muscle fibers they are?

A

Protein bundles within muscle fibers, made of actin and myosin divided into segments called sarcomeres

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14
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) (specialized ER) are found within muscle fibers they?

A

Surround myofibrils and store and release calcium (Ca2+)

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15
Q

T tubules are found within muscle fibers and they are?

A

Extensions of the sarcolemma deep into muscle fiber and allow the sarcolemma to contact the sarcoplasmic reticulum

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16
Q

Each myofibril is made of many
“ “

A

End-to-end sarcomeres

17
Q

Why do muscles appear striated/striped ?

A

The repeated patterns of sarcomeres

18
Q

What are the 2 main components of the striation pattern of the sarcomere ?

A

1.I band
2.A band

19
Q

I band ?

A

Light band, composed of thin actin filaments

20
Q

A band ?

A

Dark band, composed of thick myosin filaments (with some overlap of actin filaments)

21
Q

What are the other components of the sarcomere?

A
  1. H zone
  2. Z line
  3. M line
22
Q

H zone

A

Center of A band, composed of thick myosin filaments with (no actin)

23
Q

Z line

A

Anchors filaments in place, sarcomere boundary, and the center of I band

24
Q

M line

A

Anchors thick filaments and is the center of the A band

25
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers thick filaments are

A

Composed of myosin protein

26
Q

Skeletal muscle fibers thin filaments are

A

Mostly composed of actin protein, and contains two other regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin.

27
Q

Excitation-contraction coupling is the process…?
What are the steps?

A

Leading to muscle contraction
1. Lower motor neuron action potential
2. Muscle action potential (excitation)
3. Muscle fiber contraction

28
Q

A neuromuscular junction is a

A

Specialized synapse between a motor neuron and muscle

29
Q

The neurotransmitter used is

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

30
Q

The motor end plate is

A

The thickened area of sarcolemma (muscle
membrane) that contains ACh receptors

31
Q

When does muscle contraction occur?

A

When the thin filaments (actin, troponin,
tropomyosin) and thick filaments (myosin) overlap, shortening the sarcomere

32
Q

Muscle cells and neurons are excitable meaning

A

They can conduct electrical impulses

33
Q

Muscle cells also (3)

A
  1. Have a resting membrane potential similar to a neuron (~-70mV)
  2. Receives EPSPs due to binding of Ach to Ach receptors on motor end plate
  3. Conducts action potential along membrane due to activation of voltage-gated
    sodium channels
34
Q

At the structure called triad

A

T-tubules interact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)

35
Q

T-tubules and Sr both contain “ “ that
“ “

A

“Receptors” that “interact with each other”

36
Q

Muscle action potential reaches
“ “ on the T-tubules

A

“Dihydropyridine receptors (DHPRs)”

37
Q

What happens when DHPRS deform ryanodine receptors (RyRs) on the SR ?

A

Allows release of Ca2+ (calcium) into the cytoplasm

38
Q

Rigor mortis

A

The rigidity of the body after death.

39
Q

As sarcomeres shorten

A
  1. Thin and thick filaments overlap more, but do not change length!
  2. H zones and I bands narrow
  3. Z lines move closer together

Exam 2 Human Phys (4 decks)

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