Muscular System and Muscles Flashcards
muscle functions
produce movement, maintain body posture and body position, stabilize joints, generate heat
properties of muscular tissue
electrical excitability
contractibility
extensibility- ability to stretch without being damaged
elasticity- ability to return to original length and shape after contraction
structure of skeletal muscle
muscle: individual muscle cells, blood vessels, nerves/ wrapped in epimysium
fascicle: bundle of muscle cells/ wrapped in perimysium
fibre: individual muscle cell/ wrapped in endomysium
types of fascicle arrangement
circular, convergent, parallel, pennate
circular fascicle arrangement
concentric rings
sphincters
e,g- mouth
convergent fascicle arrangement
broad origin, fascicles converge towards a single tendon of insertion
e.g- pectoralis major
parallel fascicle arrangement
length of fascicle runs parallel to the long axis of the muscle
e.g- satorius, bicep
pennate fascicle arrangement
uni, bi, multi
muscle attachment
immoveable bone at proximal end of muscle, moveable bone usually at distal end of muscle
connective tissue associated with muscle
ligaments, tendons, aponeurosis, raphe
aponneurosis
broad, flat connective tissue linking muscle belly to site of attachment
raphe
line of fibrous tissue where one muscle joins another
types of muscle contraction
- isometric (plank)
- concentric (raising barbell in bicep curl)
- eccentric (lowering bicep in bicep curl)
prime mover
main muscle responsible for producing a specific movement
synergist
compliment the action of a prime mover by: adding extra force to the same movement/ reducing undesirable or unnecessary movements
fixator
steadies proximal parts of a limb while movements occur in distal parts
superficial and deep fascia
superficial fascia: loose subcutaneous tissue
deep fascia: thin, rough sheet made of collagen fibres
deep fascia structures
fascial septum: extension of dense connective tissue e.g- intramuscular septum that divides muscles into compartments
retinaculum: thickening of deep fascia that holds down the tendons
