Articular system and joints Flashcards
types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrous
hyaline cartliage
bones bony articular surfaces
e.g- articular cartilage, ribs
elastic cartilage
flexible, forms discrete structures in external ear, auditory tube, parts of larynx
fibrocartilage
forms specialized in joints, can withstand prolonged pressure
e.g- intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, meniscus
types of joints
synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous
fibrous joints
sutures e.g- skull
syndesmosis- occurs when two adjacent bones are connected by ligaments e.g- between tibia and fibula
gomphosis- between root of a tooth and its bony socket
cartilaginous joints
synchondroses- a plate of hyaline cartilage between two ossification centres of developing bone e.g- epiphyseal plate
symphyses- fibrocartilage connects two separate bones e.g- intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis
synovial joint features
- articular cartilage- hyaline cartilage covers articulating surfaces of bones
- joint capsule- inner synovial membrane (produces synovial fluid) + outer fibrous membrane (may thicken to form ligaments)
types of synovial joints
plane, saddle, ball and socket, hinge, pivot, condyloid
plane joint
allowing sliding and gliding movements e.g- intercarpal joints
hinge joint
produces flexion and extension e.g- elbow and knee
pivot joint
produces rotation e.g- neck, radioulnar joints
condylar joints
allow movement around two axes
produce flexion, extension, adduction, abduction
e.g- wrist, knuckles
saddle joint
produce flexion, extension, adduction, abduction e.g- thumb
ball and socket
flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation, circumduction
e.g- hip, shoulder
articular discs and menisci
made of fibrocartilage
help absorb compression forces
labrum
fibrocartilage lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket
deepens the joint socket, increases area of contact between bones
fat pads
act as space fillers, help spread synovial fluid
bursae and tendon sheaths
bags of lubricant that help reduce friction
factors affecting joint mobility
structure and shape of articulating bones
strength and tension of joint ligaments
arrangement and tension of muscles
contact of soft parts
hormones
disuse
