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A-Level Pe > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of muscle fibres?

A 
Type 1 (slow)
Type 2a
Type 2b (fast)
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2
Q

What is the work:rest for type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

A

3:1

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3
Q

What is the work:rest for type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

A

1:4-1:6

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4
Q

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

A

⬆️myoglobin
⬆️mitochondria
⬆️capillaries
⬇️phospho-creation

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5
Q

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres?

A

➡️myoglobin
➡️mitochondria
➡️capillaries
➡️phospho-creatin

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6
Q

What are the STRUCTURAL characteristics of type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

A

⬇️myoglobin
⬇️mitochondria
⬇️capillaries
⬆️phospho-creatin

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7
Q

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

A

⬇️Force of contraction
⬆️resistance to fatigue
⬆️aerobic capacity

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8
Q

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 2a muscle fibres?

A

➡️Force or contraction

➡️resistance to fatigue

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9
Q

What is the FUNCTIONAL characteristics of type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

A

⬆️Force of contraction

⬇️resistence to fatigue

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10
Q

What is a SPORTING EX of type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

A

Long distance runner

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11
Q

What is a SPORTING EX of a type 2a muscle fibre?

A

Games player
800m,1500m runner
200m swimmer

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12
Q

What is a SPORTING EX of a type 2b (fast) muscle fibre?

A

100m sprinter
Weight lifter
Shotput

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13
Q

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 1 (slow) muscle fibres?

A

Continuous training

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14
Q

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 2a muscle fibres?

A

Fartlek training- different speed/intensity

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15
Q

What MOT (method of training) is used to develop type 2b (fast) muscle fibres?

A

Interval training

Plyometric training

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16
Q

What is the neuro-muscular system?

A

Electric impulse sent from the CNS (central nervous system) to the skeletal muscles to force them to move

17
Q

What does CNS stand for?

A

Central nervous system

18
Q

What is the order of the working of motor unit?

A 
Motor neuron
Action potential
Axon 
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic cleft
Acetylcholine
All or nothing
19
Q

What happens at stage 2 of the workings of a motor unit?

A

A nerve impulse is initiated in the motor neuron

20
Q

What happens at stage 2 of the workings of a motor unit?

A

Nerve impulse travels down axon as a action potential

21
Q

What happens at stage 3 of the workings of a motor unit?

A

Secretion of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft, this allows the charge to pass over the gap at the neuromuscular junction

22
Q

What happens at stage 4,5,6 of the workings of a motor unit?

A

ALL OR NOTHING theory, if the electric charge is above a threshold muscle fibres will contract. All the muscle fibres contract or none do

23
Q

What are muscles used for?

A

To create force

24
Q

What is a isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Tension is produced, muscle length changes

25
Q

What is the two types of isotonic muscle contraction?

A

Concentric isotonic- muscle length shortens

Eccentric isotonic- muscle length lengthens

26
Q

What is a isometric muscle contraction?

A

Tensions is produced, no change in muscle length BUT still a contraction

27
Q

What is the AGONIST and ANTAGONIST in flexion at the elbow?

A

Bicep bracci

Tricep bracci

28
Q

Which muscles is CONCENTRIC and ECCENTRIC in flexion at the elbow?

A 
Concentric= Bicep bracci 
Eccentric= tricep bracci
29
Q

What muscle is ISOTONIC CONCENTRIC contraction in dorsiflexion at the ankle?

A

Tibialis anterior

30
Q

Which muscle is ISOTONIC ECCENTRIC contraction is dorsiflexion at the ankle?

A

Gastrocnemius (hamstring)

31
Q

What is antagonist?

A

The antagonist muscle relaxes when muscles work in pairs

32
Q

What is a agonist?

A

The agonist is a prime mover which contracts when muscles work together

33
Q

What is a fixator?

A

A fixator controls and stabilises the movement when muscles work together

34
Q

When striking a ball in the flexion stage (bringing leg back to strike the ball) what muscles are the antagonist, agonist and fixator?

A 
Agonist= bicep fomoris
Antagonist= rectus fomoris (quadriceps) 
Fixator= gluteals maximus

A-Level Pe (4 decks)

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