Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The Science Of Exercise > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The forces that help the body perform physical activity are supplied by the ________.

A

Muscular system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are muscle cells also known as?

A

Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscle cells, also known as fibers, are _________ and connected in __________.

A

Muscle cells, also known as fibers, are multinucleated and connected in cylindrical bundles or individual cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a single muscle built from?

A

Many bundles of muscle fibers called fascicule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective tissues run from one end of the muscle to the other to what?

A

To bind cells together and giving rise to muscle fiber bundles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscle tissues are categorized into three types according to what? And what are they?

A

Function and structure.

Cardiac, smooth and skeletal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

In the walls of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the smooth muscle compose?

A

Composes the epithelial of other hollow organs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the cardiac muscle and smooth muscle have in common?

A

They are both under involuntary control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Skeletal muscle is attached to what? Is it under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

Skeletal muscle is attached to the skeleton and is under voluntary control.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Skeletal muscle is composed of many what?

A

Many thread-like striations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the basic unit of the myofibril?

A

The sarcomere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the sarcomere expand?

A

Expands from z Z line to the next closest Z line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are sarcomeres composed of?

A

Alternating large myosin and thin actin strands made of protein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does myosin develop?

A

In the middle of every M line.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the M line?

A

It is a line that runs the length of myofibrils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What do the actin strands develop? How is it characterized?

A

A Z shaped pattern down the points that are anchored, which is characterized by having a darker color than other areas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens when stimulation occurs and an action potential is received?

A

The skeletal muscles carry out a contraction by decreasing every sarcomere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Actin and myosin fibers overlap in a _______.

A

Contractile motion toward each other.

20
Q

How would you describe myosin filaments? Where do they project?

A

Club-shaped heads that project toward the actin filaments.

21
Q

In relation to myosin filaments, what are the larger structures called? Where are they found? And what do they do?

A

Myosin heads. Found along the myosin filament and give attachment points on binding sites for the actin filaments.

22
Q

How and where do myosin heads move? What do they do when they get there? What is this process called? And what happens as a result?

A

Myosin heads move in a synchronized manner toward the center of the sarcomere. They then detach and reattach to the closest active site of the actin filament. This is known as a “ratchet type drive system.” As a result, this process uses up large quantities of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

23
Q

Where does the energy for contraction come from?

A

It comes directly from ATP.

24
Q

What is the energy source of a cell?

A

ATP.

25
Q

What is the job of ATP?

A

To link the cross bridges among myosin heads and actin filaments.

26
Q

What powers the twisting of the myosin head?

A

Energy.

27
Q

What happens when ATP is used up?

A

ATP converts to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

28
Q

A person’s muscles accumulate a small amount of ATP by __________.

A

Constantly reusing the ADP and converting it back into ATP quickly.

29
Q

Inside muscle tissues there is a what? What does this assist?

A

There is a storage supply of a high-speed recharge chemical called creatine phosphate. This assists in producing the fast renewal of ADP into ATP.

30
Q

When is a muscle stimulated to contract?

A

When calcium is released.

31
Q

A muscle is stimulated to contract when calcium is released from the ___________.

A

Sarcosplasmic reticulum into the sarcomere.

32
Q

What is needed for every cycle of the sarcomere?

A

Calcium ions.

33
Q

What does calcium reveal?

A

The actin binding sites.

34
Q

What happens when a muscle does not need to contract?

A

Calcium ions are drawn out from the sarcomere and are stored back in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

35
Q

As a whole unit, skeletal muscles produce movement by ______.

A

Pulling on the skeleton in a nervous system-controlled manner.

36
Q

What happens when a muscle shortens?

A

It moves a bone by pulling on the tendons which attack the muscle to the bones.

37
Q

What do the integration of bones, skeletal muscles and joints create?

A

The apparent movements like running and walking.

38
Q

Skeletal muscles and joints can generate movements that are more subtle like _____.

A

Respiration, eye movements and facial expressions.

39
Q

The number of skeletal muscles used during a workout depends entirely on

A

which exercises are chosen and the

methods used during their implementation.

40
Q

The skeletal muscles are grouped together, though this does not mean

A

that they function together.

41
Q

Skeletal muscles can either function _____.

A

They can either function separately

or in groups along with other muscles.

42
Q

What is formed by the action of skeletal muscles?

A

Power and muscle force.

43
Q

Muscle contraction movement can fulfill several other vital functions in the human body like what? (3)

A

Heat production, posture and joint stability.

44
Q

Sitting and standing with posture can be accomplished by

A

Contraction of muscles.

45
Q

As soon as the nervous system triggers movement in the body, the entire muscle does not respond, why?

A

Because a muscle has several motor units (a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates) and the movement may require just a small part of the muscle.

46
Q

All of the fibers contract when

A

A motor unit is stimulated.

47
Q

Clusters of motor units work in unison to

A

manage the contractions of a muscle.

The Science Of Exercise (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions