Muscular System Flashcards
types of muscle in the body
- skeletal
- cardiac (heart)
- smooth (mainly in walls of hollow organs)
neuro-muscular junction
where the axon terminal meets but
doesn’t exactly touch the sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane). This
space is filled with interstitial fluid and is called the synaptic cleft.
Acetylcholine is released
atp and muscle contraction
ATP bonds are broken to release energy
• Only 4–6 seconds worth of ATP is stored by muscles
• After this initial time, other pathways must be utilized to produce ATP
aerobic respiration
- Glucose and oxygen combine to make ATP
- release carbon dioxide and Water
- Occurs in the mitochondria
Anaerobic glycolysis
- Reaction that breaks down glucose without oxygen
- Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid to produce some ATP
- Pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid
- Only produces 5% as much ATP from each glucose molecule
- Huge amounts of glucose are needed
- Lactic acid produces muscle fatigue and sore muscles
tendons
attach muscle to bones
ligaments
attach bone to bone
naming muscles (7)
direction:
rectus (straight)
oblique (slant)
size:
maximus (largest)
minimus (smallest)
longus (long)
location of bone: teporalis muscle (temporal bone)
number of origins:
triceps
biceps
quadraceops
location of muscle origin:
streno (sternum)
shape:
deletiod (triangular)
action:
flexor/extensor (flexes or extends a bone)
compartment syndrome
Arterial vessel compression causing reduced blood supply to an extremity
Causes
• usually fracture of forearm or tibia causes oedema in muscle fasciae
• tight cast or dressing can cause muscle ischemia
Irreversible muscle ischemia can occur within 6 hours
• This can lead to amputation of a limb
Sign and symptoms
• severe pain, a feeling of fullness or tightness in the muscle, and a tingling sensation. Numbness indicates cellular death.
Treatment
• Surgery to release pressure
