Muscular System 4

Question 1

Lower Limb:

The muscles on the Anterior surface of the body cause…

Whereas the muscles on the Posterior surface cause …

Answer 1

The muscles on the Anterior surface of the body cause… 1. Extension

Whereas the muscles on the Posterior surface cause… 2. Flexion

This is the opposite for the Upper Limb

Question 2

Characterisitics of the Thigh

Answer 2

• From the Hip joint to the knee
  
  • Most muscles that move the Thigh have their origin in;
    
    • the Vertebral column &/or Pelvis

Question 3

Characteristics of the Leg

Answer 3

• From the knee to the foot
  
  • Most muscles that move the leg have their origin in;
    
    • the Pelvis &/or the Femur

Question 4

Characteristics of the Foot

Answer 4

• Contains the Ankle, Instep, Toes
  
  • Most muscles that move the parts of the Foot have their origin in;
    
    • the Femur &/or Tibia and Fibula

Question 5

Psoas Major

Answer 5

• Origin = Lumbar Vertebrae
• Insertion = Lesser trochanter of the Femur
• Action = Flexes thigh (Abduction)
• Area where the lymph nodes that drain the pelvis are located
  
  • used as a landmark during a lympth node dissection in pelvic cancer surgeries

Question 6

Gluteus Maximus

(largest muscle in the Gluteal group)

Answer 6

• Origin = Sacrum, coccyx, posterior surface of ilium
• Insertion = Posterior surface of the Femur
• Action = Extends the thigh

Question 7

Adducturs (group)

Answer 7

• Origin = Pubic bones
• Insertion = Posterior, lateral surfaces of the femur
• Action = Adducts, flexes the thigh

Question 8

Gracilis

Answer 8

• Origin = Inferior edge of pubic bones
• Insertion = Medial surface of tibia
• Action =
  
  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes thigh
  • Flexes at the knee
• Performs actions at 2 different joints

Question 9

Hamstring Joint

Biceps Femoris

Answer 9

• Origin = Ishium & Femur (2) heads
• Insertion = Head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
• Action = Flexes & laterally rotates leg, extends thigh

Question 10

Semitendinosus

Answer 10

• Origin = Ishium
• Insertion = Medial surface of tibia
• Action = Flexes & medial rotates leg, extends thigh

Question 11

Semimembranosus

Answer 11

• Origin = Ischium
• Insertion = Medial condyle of tibia
• Action = Flexes & medially rotates leg, extends thigh

Question 12

Sartorius

Answer 12

• Origin = Anterior ilium
• Insertion = Medial surface of tibia
• Action =
  
  • Flexes leg & thigh
  • Abducts & rotates thigh
  • Crosses 2 joints
  • Flexes 2 structures
• Longest muscle in the body

Question 13

Rectus Femoris

Answer 13

• Origin = Ilium, margin of acetabulum
• Insertion = Into the Anterior Tibia by the Patellar tendon
• Action = Extend the leg

Question 14

Vastus Lateralis

Answer 14

• Origin = Greater trochanter, posterior of the femur
• Insertion = Into the Anterior Tibia by the Paterllar tendon
• Action = Extend the leg

Question 15

Vastus Medialis

Answer 15

• Origin = Medial surface of the femur
• Insertion = Into the Anterior Tibia by the Patellar tendon
• Action = Extend the leg

Question 16

Vastus Intermedius

Answer 16

• Origin = Medial surface of the femur
• Insertion = into the Anterior Tibia by the Patellar Tendon
• Origin = Extend the leg

Question 17

Tibialis Anterior

Answer 17

• Origin = Lateral surface & condyle of tibia
• Insertion = Tarsal bone & 1^st Metatarsal
• Action =
  
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Inversion
    
    • to turn the foot so the plantar surface faces medially

Question 18

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Answer 18

• Origin = Lateral condyle of tibia & fibula
• Insertion = Dorsal surfaces of 2nd & 5th phalanges
• Action =
  
  • Extension of toes
  • Dorsiflexion

Question 19

Extensor Hallicus Longus

Answer 19

• Origin = Anterior fibula
• Insertion = Distal phalanx of Great toe
• Action = Extends the Great toe

Question 20

Gastrocnemius

Answer 20

• Origin = Lateral & Medial condyles of femur
• Insertion = Posterior surface of calcaneous by the Achilles tendon
• Action = Plantar flexion

Question 21

Soleus

Answer 21

• Origin = Posterior fibula & tibula
• Insertion = Posterior surface of calcaneus by the Achilles tendon
• Action = Plantar flexion

Question 22

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 22

• Origin = Posterior tibia
• Insertion = Plantar surface of the distal phalanges of 2^nd & 5^th digits
• Action = Flexion of the toes

Question 23

Tibialis Posterior

Answer 23

• Origin = Lateral condyle of tibia, posterior tibula & fibula
• Insertion = Tarsal & metatarsal bones
• Action =
  
  • Plantar Flexion
  • Inversion

Question 24

Fibularis Longus

Answer 24

• Origin = Lateral condyle of tibia, posterior tibia & fibula
• Insertion =
  
  • Tarsal & metatarsal bone
  • One of the Tendons injured in a sprained “ankle”
• Action =
  
  • Plantar Flexion
  • Eversion
    
    • Turning the foot so the plantar surface is facing laterally