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Nghia UALR > Muscular System 2 > Flashcards

Muscular System 2 Flashcards

1
Q

You can find different types of Myofibers within…

&

Types of myofibers are based on…?

A

The Same Muscle

.

2 Factors

  1. Rate (speed) the sarcomeres shorten
  2. Type of energy pathway used to make ATP
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2
Q

Types of muscle fibers

  1. Rate (speed) that the sarcomeres shorten
A

A. Slow-Twitch

  • Conserves ATP
  • Found in muscles needed for endurance
    • Long lasting activities

B. Fast-Twitch

  • Uses ATP quickly
  • Found in muscles that provide fast, quick movements
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3
Q

Types of muscle fibers

  1. Type of energy pathway used to make ATP
A

A. Oxidative

B. Glycolytic

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4
Q

Type of energy pathway used to make ATP

Oxidative

A
  • Multiple mitochondria
  • Always aerobic (oxygen present)
    • Uses Glycolysis & Citric acid cycle/ Electron Transport
      • 38 ATP possible per gluclose molecule
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5
Q

Type of energy pathway used to make ATP

Glycolytic

A
  • Fewer mitochondria
  • Always anaerobic
    • only uses glycolysis
      • Only 2 ATP per glucose molecule
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6
Q

Types of Muscle Fibers

Type I

A

Slow-Twitch, Oxidative

  • Resitant to fatigue
  • Multiple mitochondria
  • High level of myoglobin (extra oxygen)
  • Extensive blood supply (more oxygen)
  • Referred to as “Red” fibers
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7
Q

Examples of Type I Muscle Fibers

A
  • Quads/Hamstrings of marathon runners
  • Postural muscles for standing
  • Pectoral muscles of migration birds
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8
Q

Types of Muscle Fibers

Type II

A

Fast-Twitch, Glycolytic

  • Easily fatigues
  • Few mitochondria
  • Low level of myoglobin
  • Less blood supply
  • Referred to as “White” fibers
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9
Q

Examples of Type II Muscle Fibers

A
  • Muscles of the hand and eye
  • Leg muscles of an animal of prey (cheetah, Nghia)
  • Sprinters
    • Fast, short burst activities
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10
Q

Types of Muscle Fibers

Type IIa

A

Fast-Twitch, Oxidative

  • Intermediate type of fibers (Hybrid)
  • Resists fatigues
  • More mitochondria
  • Intermediate level of myoglobin
  • Moderate blood supply
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11
Q

Examples of Type IIa Muscle Fibers

A
  • Seen when muscle fibers are being “trained”
  • One type is being converted to another type
    • Type II into Type I seen in endurance training
  • More prevalent in animals than humans
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12
Q

Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

A conctraction is occuring if;

A

A. There is cross-bridging between Myosin & Actin

-myosin globular heads attached to the Actin

B. There is tension (force ) being generated

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13
Q

2 Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

A
  1. Isometric contraction
  • muscles generates force
  • sarcomeres DO NOT change length
  1. Isotonic contraction
  • muscles generates force
  • sarcomeres DO change length
    • 2 Types of Isotonic Contractions:
      • Concentric
      • Eccentric
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14
Q

Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

  1. You grab the weight
A
  • Sensors in the muscle send a signal to the CNS
  • Turns “on” the number of muscle cells equal to the weight
  • Muscle cells generate force, but the weight is not lifted/moved
  • Type of Contraction
    • Isometric
      • sarcomeres are not changing length
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15
Q

Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

You curl (flexion) the weight upward

A
  • Brain turns “On” more and more muscle cells
  • Now there is MORE FORCE generated than the weight
  • Weight is lifted
  • Type of contraction:
    • Isotonic (concentric)
    • Sarcomeres are changing length
      • shortening
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16
Q

Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

You hold the weight at the top

A

-Muscle cells are still generating enough force to hold the weight up

  • Type of contraction:
    • Isometric
      • Sarcomeres are not changing length anymore
17
Q

Types of “Whole” Muscle Contraction

You lower the weight slowly (not dropping it)

A
  • Muscle cells are generating force against gravity
    • needed to slowly lower the weight
  • Type of contraction:
    • Isotonic (eccentric)
      • Sarcomeres are changing length
  • The weight is pulling on the muscle & the sarcomeres are getting longer
18
Q

Skeletal Muscle Definitions

Origin

A

-Immovable end

(the “anchor”)

19
Q

Skeletal Muscle Definitions

Insertion

A

-Movable end

(bones that move)

20
Q

Skeletal Muscle Definitions

Prime Mover

(agonists)

A

-Muscle primarily responsible for movement

21
Q

Skeletal Muscle Definitions

Synergists

A

-Muscle that assists prime mover

22
Q

Skeletal Muscle Definitions

Antagonists

A

-Muscle that resists prime mover’s action and cause movement in the opposite direction

23
Q

Major Skeletal Muscles

Names can be based on:

A
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Location
  • Action
  • Number of attachments
  • Directions of fibers
24
Q

Skeletal Muscle Movements

Around a Joint

Flexion

A

Angle decreases between bones on either side

25
Q

Skelete Muscle Movements

Around a Joint

Extension

A

Angle increases between bones on either side

26
Q

Skelete Muscle Movements

Around a Joint

Abduction

A

Moving a part away from the midline

27
Q

Skelete Muscle Movements

Around a Joint

Adduction

A

Moving a part toward the midline

28
Q

Skeletal Muscle Movements

Around a Joint

Rotation

A

Moving a part around an axis

29
Q

How is the foot a special structure

A

It is like an upside down T

30
Q

The ankle joint allows for movement in the…

A

Anterior & Posterior directions

31
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Movement at the ankle to bring the toes closer to the tibia

  • Angle gets smaller
32
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Movement at the angle to move the heel closer from the tibia

  • Angle gets smaller

Nghia UALR (6 decks)

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