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MIDTERMS - ANAPHY (1ST SEM) > MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2 - GROSS ANATOMY > Flashcards

MUSCULAR SYSTEM 2 - GROSS ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

Buccinator

  • Origin: (1) ___________
  • Insertion: (2) _________
A

(1) Maxilla and mandible
(2) Orbicularis Oris (corner of mouth)

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2
Q

Draws corner of mouth posteriorly; compresses cheek to hold food between teeth

A

Buccinator

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3
Q

Depressor anguli oris

  • Origin: (1) ___________
  • Insertion: (2) __________
A

(1) Lower border of mandible
(2) Skin of lip near corner of mouth

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4
Q

Lowers corner of mouth; “frown”

A

Depressor anguli oris

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5
Q

Levator labii superioris

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Maxilla
(2) Skin and orbicularis oris of upper lip

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6
Q

Raises upper lip; “sneer”

A

Levator labii superioris

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7
Q

Occipitofrontalis

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Occipital bone
(2) Skin of eyebrow and nose

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8
Q

Moves scalp; raises eyebrows

A

Occipitofrontalis

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9
Q

Orbicularis oculi

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Maxilla and frontal bones
(2) Circles orbits and inserts around eyelids

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10
Q

Closes eyes; blinking, winking, and squinting

A

Orbicularis oculi

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11
Q

Orbicularis oris

  • Orgin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Nasal septum, maxilla, and mandible
(2) Fascia and other muscles of the lips

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12
Q

Closes and purses lips; “kissing”

A

Orbicularis oris

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13
Q

Zygomaticus major

  • Origin: (1) _________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Zygomatic bone
(2) Angle of mouth

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14
Q

Elevates and abducts upper lip and corner mouth; “smile”

A

Zygomaticus major

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15
Q

Zygomaticus minor

  • Origin: (1) _________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Zygomaticus bone
(2) Orbicularis oris of upper lip

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16
Q

Elevates and abducts upper lip; “smile”

A

Zygomaticus minor

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17
Q

Temporalis

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Temporal fossa
(2) Anterior portion of mandibular ramus and coronoid process

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18
Q

Elevates and draws mandible posteriorly; closes jaw

A

Temporalis

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19
Q

Masseter

  • Origin: (1) _________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Zygomatic arch
(2) Lateral side of mandibular ramus

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20
Q

Elevates and pushes mandible anteriorly; closes jaw

A

Masseter

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21
Q

Intrinsic tongue muscles

  • Origin: (1) __________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Inside tongue
(2) Inside tongue

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22
Q

Changes shape of tongue

A

Intrinsic tongue muscles

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23
Q

Extrinsic tongue muscles

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Bones around oral cavity; soft palate
(2) Onto tongue

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24
Q

Moves tongue

A

Extrinsic tongue muscles

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25
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Base of skull; mandible
(2) Hyoid bone

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26
Q

Elevates or stablizes hyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscles

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27
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Sternum, larynx
(2) Hyoid bone

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28
Q

Depresses or stabilizes hyoid

A

Infrahyoid muscles

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29
Q

Soft palate muscles

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Skull or soft palate
(2) Palate, tongue, or pharynx

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30
Q

Moves soft palate, tongue, or pharynx

A

Soft palate muscles

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31
Q

Elavators

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Soft palate and auditory tube
(2) Pharynx

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32
Q

Elevate pharynx

A

Elevators

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33
Q

Constrictors, Superior, Middle Inferior

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Larynx and hyoid
(2) Pharynx

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34
Q

Constricts pharynx

A

Constrictors, Superior, Middle Inferior

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35
Q

Flexors

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Anterior side of vertebrae
(2) Base of skull

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36
Q

Flex head and neck

A

Flexors

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37
Q

Extensors

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Posterior side of vertebrae
(2) Base of skull

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38
Q

Extend head and neck

A

Extensors

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39
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Manubrium of sternum and medial part of clavicle
(2) Mastoid process and nuchal line of skull

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40
Q

Individually rotate head;
Together flex neck

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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41
Q

Trapezius

  • Origin: (1) ________
  • Insertion: (2) ________
A

(1) Posterior surface of skull and upper vertebral column (C7-T12)
(2) Clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine

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42
Q

Extends and laterally flexes neck

A

Trapezius

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43
Q

Erector spinae: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Sacrum, ilium, vertebrae, and ribs
(2) Ribs, vertebrae, and skull

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44
Q

Extend vertebral column; maintains posture

A

Erector spinae: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

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45
Q

Deep back muscles

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Vertebrae
(2) Vertebrae

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46
Q

Extend vertebral column and help bend vertebral column laterally

A

Deep back muscles

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47
Q

Scalenes

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Cervical vertebrae
(2) First and second ribs

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48
Q

Inspiration; elevate ribs

A

Scalenes and External intercostals

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49
Q

External intercostals

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Inferior edge of rib
(2) Superior edge of next rib

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50
Q

Internal intercostals

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Superior edge of rib
(2) Inferior edge of rib

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51
Q

Forced expiration; depresses ribs

A

Internal intercostals

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52
Q

Diaphragm

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Inferior ribs, sternum, and lumbar vertebrae
(2) Central tendon of diaphragm

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53
Q

Inspiration; depresses floor of thorax

A

Diaphragm

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54
Q

Rectus abdominis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Public crest and pubic symphysis
(2) Xiphoid process and inferior ribs

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55
Q

Flexes vertebral column; compresses abdomen

A

Rectus abdominis

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56
Q

External abdominal oblique

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ribs 5-12
(2) Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and fascia of rectus abdominis

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57
Q

Compresses abdomen; flexes and rotates vertebral column

A

External and Internal abdominal oblique

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58
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and lumbar fascia
(2) Ribs 10-12 and fascia of rectus abdominis

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59
Q

Transversus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Costal cartilages 7-12; lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament
(2) Xiphoid process fascia of rectus abdominis, and pubic tubercle

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60
Q

Compresses abdomen

A

Transversus abdominis

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61
Q

Coccygeus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ischial spine
(2) Coccyx

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62
Q

Forms pelvic floor; supports pelvic organs

A

Coccygeus

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63
Q

Levator ani

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Posterior pubis and ischial spine
(2) Sacrum and coccyx

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64
Q

Elevates anus; supports pelvic organs

A

Levator ani

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65
Q

Bulbospongiosus - Male

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Central tendon of perinium and median raphe of penis
(2) Dorsal surface and bulb of penis

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66
Q

Compresses base of penis and erects penis; ejects urine and semen

A

Bulbospongiosus - Male

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67
Q

Bulbospongiosus - Female

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Central tendon of perinium
(2) Base of clitoris

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68
Q

Erects clitoris

A

Bulbospongiosus - Female

69
Q

Ischiocavernous

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ischial ramus
(2) Corpus cavernosum of penis and clitoris

70
Q

Compresses base of penis or clitoris

A

Ischiocavernosus

71
Q

External urethral sphincter

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Pubic ramus
(2) Median raphe

72
Q

Constricts urethra to stop urine flow

A

External urethral sphincter

73
Q

Levator scapulae

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Transverse process
(2) Superior angle of scapula

74
Q

Elevates, retracts, and rotates scapula; laterally flexes back

A

Levator scapulae

75
Q

Pectoralis minor

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ribs 3-5
(2) Coracoid process of scapula

76
Q

Depresses scapula or elevates ribs

A

Pectoralis minor

77
Q

Rhomboids - Major & Minor

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Spinous process of T1-T4
(2) Medial border of scapula

78
Q

Retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula

A

Rhomboids - Major

79
Q

Retracts, slightly elevates, rotates, and fixes scapula

A

Rhomboids Minor

80
Q

Serratus anterior

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ribs 1-9
(2) Medial border of scapula

81
Q

Rotates and protracts scapula; elevates ribs

A

Serratus anterior

82
Q

Trapezius

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Posterior surface of skull and spinous process of C7-T12
(2) Clavicle, acromion process, and scapular spine

83
Q

Elevates, depresses, retracts, rotates, and fixes scapula; extends neck

A

Trapezius

84
Q

Deltoid

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Clavicle, acromion, process, and scapular spine
(2) Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

85
Q

Flexes and extends shoulder, abducts and medially and laterally rotates arm

A

Deltoid

86
Q

Latissimus dorsi

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Spinous process, sacrum and iliac crest, and inferior angle of scapula in some people
(2) Medial crest of intertubercular groove of humerus

87
Q

Extends shoulders; adducts and medially rotates arm

A

Latissimus dorso

88
Q

Pectoralis major

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Clavicle, sternum, superior six coastal cartilages, and abdominal muscle
(2) Lateral crest of intertubercular groove

89
Q

Flexes shoulder; extends shoulder from flexed position; adducts and medially rotates arm

A

Pectoralis major

90
Q

Teres major

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral border of scapula
(2) Medial crest of intertubercular groove of humerus

91
Q

Extends shoulder; adducts and medially rotates arm

A

Teres major

92
Q

Infraspinatus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Infraspinous fossa of scapula
(2) Greater tubercle of humerus

93
Q

Stabilizes and extends shoulder and laterally rotates arm

A

Infraspinatus

94
Q

Subscapularis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Subscapular fossa of scapula
(2) Lesser tubercle of humerus

95
Q

Stabilizes and extends shoulder and medially rotates arm

A

Subscapularis

96
Q

Supraspinatus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Supraspinous fossa of scapula
(2) Greater tubercle of humerus

97
Q

Stabilizes shoulder and abducts arm

A

Supraspinatus

98
Q

Teres minor

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral border of scapula
(2) Greater tubercle of humerus

99
Q

Stabilizes and extends shoulder; adducts and laterally rotates arm

A

Teres minor

100
Q

Palmaris longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial epicondyle of humerus
(2) Aponeurosis over palm

101
Q

Tightens skin of palm

A

Palmaris longus

102
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial epicondyle of humerus
(2) Second and third metacarpal bones

103
Q

Flexes and abducts wrist

A

Flexor carpi radialis

104
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna
(2) Pisiform

105
Q

Flexes and adducts wrist

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

106
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ulna
(2) Distal phalanges of digits 2-5

107
Q

Flexes fingers and wrist

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and Flexor digitorum superficialis

108
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process, and radius
(2) Middle phalanges of digits 2-5

109
Q

Pronator Quadratus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Distal ulna
(2) Distal radius

110
Q

Pronates forearm

A

Pronator quadratus and Pronator teres

111
Q

Pronator teres

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
(2) Radius

112
Q

Brachioradialis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
(2) Styloid process of radius

113
Q

Flexes

A

Brachioradialis

114
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral epicondyle of humerus
(2) Base of third metacarpal bone

115
Q

Extends and abducts wrist

A

Extensor carpi radialis brevis/longus

116
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
(2) Base of second metacarpal bone

117
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
(2) Base of fifth metacarpal bone

118
Q

Extends and adducts wrist

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

119
Q

Extensor digitorum

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral epicondyle of humerus
(2) Extensor tendon expansion over phalanges of digits 2-5

120
Q

Extends fingers and wrist

A

Extensor digitorum

121
Q

Supinator

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
(2) Radius

122
Q

Supinates forearm and hand

A

Supinator

123
Q

Iliopsoas

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Iliac fossa and vertebrae T12-L5
(2) Lesser trochanter of femur and hip capsule

124
Q

Flexes hip

A

Iliopsoas

125
Q

Gluteus maximus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Posterior surface of ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
(2) Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

126
Q

Extends hip; abducts and laterally rotates thigh

A

Gluteus maximus

127
Q

Gluteus medius/minimus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Posterior surface of ilium
(2) Greater trochanter of femur

128
Q

Abducts and medially rotates thigh

A

Gluteus medius/minimus

129
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Anterior superior iliac spine
(2) Through lateral fascia of thigh to lateral condyle of tibia

130
Q

Steadies femur on tibia through iliotibial tract when standing; flexes hip; medially rotates and abducts thigh

A

Tensor fasciae latae

131
Q

Quadriceps femoris - Rectus Femoris

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ilium
(2) Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

132
Q

Extends knee; flexes hip

A

Rectus Femoris

133
Q

Quadriceps femoris - Vastus lateralis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Greater trochanter
(2) Tibial tuberosity

134
Q

Extends knee

A

Quadriceps femoris:
- Rectus femoris
- Vastus lateralis
- Vastus medialis
- Vastus intermedius

135
Q

Quadriceps femoris: Vastus medialis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Linea aspera of femur
(2) Tibial tuberosity

136
Q

Quadriceps femoris: Vastus intermedius

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Body of femur
(2) Tibial tuberosity

137
Q

Sartorius

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Anterior superior iliac spine
(2) Medial side of tibial tuberosity

138
Q

Flexes hip and knee; laterally rotates thigh

A

Sartorius

139
Q

Adductor longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Pubis
(2) Linea aspera of femur

140
Q

Adducts and laterally rotates thigh; flexes hip

A

Adductor longus

141
Q

Adductor magnus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Pubis and ischium
(2) Femur

142
Q

Adducts and laterally rotates thigh; extends knee

A

Adductor magnus

143
Q

Gracilis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Pubis near symphysis
(2) Tibia

144
Q

Adducts thigh; flexes knee

A

Gracilis

145
Q

Biceps femoris

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Long head - ischial tuberosity; Short head - femur
(2) Fibula

146
Q

Flexes knee

A

Hamstring muscles:
- Biceps femoris
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus

147
Q

Flexes knee; laterally rotates leg; extends hip

A

Biceps femoris

148
Q

Semimembranosus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ischial tuberosity
(2) Medial condyle of tibia

149
Q

Flexes knee; medially rotates leg; extends hip

A

Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus

150
Q

Semitendinosus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Ischial tuberosity
(2) Tibia

151
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Lateral condyle of tibia and fibula
(2) Four lateral toes

152
Q

Dorsiflexes foot

A

Extensor digitorum/hallucis longus, Tibialis anterior, and Fibularis tertius

153
Q

Extends four lateral toes; dorsiflexes and everts foot

A

Extensor digitorum longus

154
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Middle fibula
(2) Distal phalanx of great toe

155
Q

Extends great toe; dorsiflexes and inverts foot

A

Extensor hallucis longus

156
Q

Tibialis anterior

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Tibia
(2) Cuneiform and first metatarsal bone

157
Q

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

A

Tibialis anterior

158
Q

Fibularis tertius

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Fibula
(2) Fifth metatarsal bone

159
Q

Dorsiflexes and everts foot

A

Fibularis tertius

160
Q

Everts foot

A

Extensor digitorum longus and Fibularis tertius

161
Q

Inverts foot

A

Extensor hallucis longus and Tibialis anterior

162
Q

Gastrocnemius

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Medial and lateral condyles of femur
(2) Calcaneus (through calcaneal/achilles tendon)

163
Q

Plantar flexes foot

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Fibularis brevis/longus

164
Q

Plantar flexes foot; flexes leg

A

Gastrocnemius

165
Q

Soleus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Fibula and tibua
(2) Calcaneus (through calcaneal/achilles tendon)

166
Q

Fibularis brevis

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Fibula
(2) Fifth metatarsal bone

167
Q

Everts and plantar flexes foot

A

Fibularis brevis/longus

168
Q

Fibularis longus

  • Origin: (1) _______
  • Insertion: (2) _______
A

(1) Fibula
(2) Medial cuneiform

MIDTERMS - ANAPHY (1ST SEM) (2 decks)

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