Muscular System Flashcards
prefixes of the muscular system?
Myo, Mys, Sarco
how many muscles are in the human body?
600
the 4 functions of the muscular system are?
1) to contract to cause movement
2) to stabilize the joints
3) to maintain body posture
4) generate heat vital for normal body temperature
characteristics of skeletal muscle are?
1) found attached to bones
2) long cylindrical multinucleate cells
3) very striated
4) voluntary
characteristics of smooth muscle are?
1) found lining the internal organs
2) spindle shaped uninucleate cells
3) no striations
4) involuntary
characteristics of cardiac muscles are?
1) found in the walls of the heart
2) a branching network on uninucleate cells
3) slightly striated
4) involuntary
muscles contain long ribbon like organelles called?
myofibrils
myofibrils contain what?
alternating bands of light (I) and dark (A) bands
myofibrils are made up of what?
sarcomeres->which are made up of myofilaments-> (thick filaments-myosin-dark(A)) + (thin filaments-Aetin-light(I))
what gives muscle its striated appearance?
the arrangement of myofilaments inside the myofibrils
what is muscle tone?
A state of partial contraction of skeletal muscles (involuntary)
effects of aerobic exercise?
stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue
effects of resistance or isometric exercise?
forcing the muscle to contract with as much force as possible. increases the size and definition of muscle
bringing the distance of two bones closer together (bending)?
flexion
Increasing the distance between two bones (straightening)?
Extension
the movement of a cone along its longitudinal axis?
Rotation
moving a limb AWAY from the midline of the body
abduction (abs bend back away from the midline)
moving a limb TWARD the midline
adduction (adds to mass at the midline)
moving the superior part of the foot toward the shin
Dorsiflexion
depressing the foot (standing on your toes)
Plantar flexion
rotation of the forearm laterally so the palms face anteriorly
supination
rotation of the forearm medially so that the palms face medially
pronation
antagonist muscles?
oppose each other
what are muscles that work together called?
synergists
criteria for naming muscles? (7 of them)
1) division of muscle fibers
2) relative size of the muscle
3) location of the muscle
4) number of origins
5) location of the muscle’s origin and insertion
6) shape of the muscle
7) action of the muscle
frontalis
forehead muscle
orbicularis oculi
muscle around the eye
orbicularis oris
muscle around the mouth (kissing muscle)
temporalis
muscles around the temples
zygomaticus
run from the jaw to the cheek bones (smiling muscles)
sternocleidomastoid
two paired muscles running along the neck
platysma
muscles along the anterolateral neck
Pectoralis major
large fan shaped muscle covering the upper chest
rectus abdominis
longitudinal muscles running from the pubis to the rib cage. most superficial.
external oblique
muscles along the lateral abdominal wall (sides)
biceps brachii
upper arm muscle around the humorous. flexor
deltoid
muscle forming the curve of the shoulder
Iliopsoas
hip flexor
adductor muscle
muscle making up the medial area of the thigh
sartorious
thin, strap-like, most superficial thigh muscle
Quadriceps group
the major anterior thigh muscles.
the quadriceps are made up of?
rectus femurus, vastus laterails, vastus mediallis
tibialis anterior
the muscle around the tibia of the lower leg
fibularis longus
muscle along the lateral lower leg
trapezius
a kite shaped muscle covering the posterior neck and trunk
deltoid
curve of the shoulder
latissmus dorsi
large flat extensive muscle covering the low back
triceps brachii
posterior upper arm muscle (extensor)
gluteus maximus
buttocks
hamstrings group
major posterior thigh muscles
the hamstrings consist of?
biceps femouris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus
gastrocnemius
baby cow muscle. inserts into the Achilles tendon and helps to lift the heel. (toe dancers muscle)
