Muscular System Flashcards
Synergist Muscle:
a- contract to cause an action
b- Stretch yield to the action of the agonist
c- stabilise the origin of the agonist
d- contract to stabilise intermediate joints
d
Name the three muscle types
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What are the four structure types of skeletal muscle
Long
Cylindrical
Multinucleate
Striations
What are the four functions of skeletal muscles
Voluntary movement
Locomotion
Manipulation of the environment
Facial expressions
Name the three structures of cardiac muscles
Branching
Striated
Uninucleated- intercalated discs
What are the two functions of cardiac muscle
It contracts and propel blood into circulation
Involuntary control
What are the three structures of smooth muscle
Spindle shape with central nuclei
No striation
Cells arranged closely to form sheets
What are the two functions of smooth muscle
propels substances along internal passageway
Involuntary control
What are the general functions of muscle tissue (5)
movement
posture
Regulate organ volume
Moving substances in the body
Heat production
What type of property is this of muscle tissue
Respond to stimuli
Excitability
What type of property is this of muscle tissue
Ability to contract when stimulated
Contractibility
What type of property is this for muscle tissue
Ability to stretch or extend
Extensibility
What type of property is this for muscle tissue
Ability to return to original length after stretching
Elasticity
What is origin
One end of the muscle attached to a structure such as bone that remains stationary
What is insertion
opposite end of origin where the muscle is moved by contraction
What is belly
The part of the muscle that contracts
What is tendon
where muscle attached to bone
What is ligament
Attach bone to bone and stabilise the joint
What is agonist
Contraction and cause an action
What is antagonist
stretches and yeild to the action of the agonist
What is synergist
contracts to stabilise intermediate joints
What is fixator
Stabilise the origin of the agonist
How doe skeletal muscle attach to bone
Tendons attach skeletal muscle tissue to bone throughout the body because they are made of tough connective tissue that have strong collagen fibres
What is a bundle of muscle fibres called
Fasicle
What surrounds the whole muscle
epimysium
What surrounds the bundle of fibres
perimysium
What surrounds individual muscle fibres
endomysium
How does muscles get there striates appearance
overlapping of thin actin and thick myosin filaments
What does actin and myosin create
myofilament
What are the four effects of ageing of skeletal muscle
muscle fibres reduce in number and shrink in size
Muscle become rigid and lose tone
Muscle function reduce
Bones become brittle and break easily
